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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Product Type: Market Research Report

Publication Date: Dec 31, 2003

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SUMMARY

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This comprehensive market study reviews in depth the pertinent technical,geographical, and economic drivers for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Forecasted growthof the industry sector is presented with important analytical and statisticalinformation on markets, applications, industry structure, markets and industrydynamics, as well as materials and other technical developments. The focus ofthis analysis is Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with a review of potential applicationsfrom small to large power demands. The main goal of this study is to identifypotential growth opportunities for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and to provide thereader with information needed for strategic planning or investment decisions.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

The fuel cell industry is one of the fastest growing industry segments of thepower industry due to the need for reliable power sources either for smallapplications (power-hungry laptops for example) or larger ones (stationary,residential or transportation). Fuel cells have now reached the position of aviable power alternative to standard means of power generation for allapplications types and sizes. Market introduction of small or micro fuel cellsis expected within the next couple of years for the high-end market. Powerplants in various countries (U.S., Germany, and Japan) are being constructed.Many cities, countries or states are moving some of their public transportation(buses or trains for example) to hybrid electrical vehicle, some using fuelcells. Solid oxide fuel cells present one of the promising technology optionsfor the whole range of applications described above.

With any technology,materials developments, design, safety and monitoring, market incentives, andother motivating economic factors come to play an important role in theirsuccess for a global and industry-wide market penetration and commercialization.This study is intended to be the most complete technical, economic and businessdocument of its type on this subject and is designed to provide information of aprofessional nature. The technical data depend on the accuracy of themanufacturers and technical sources that make up the BCC database. This reportis not intended to constitute a legal or accounting document, nor is it anendorsement of any given product or process. The author and BCC, Inc., as thepublisher, assume no liability for loss or damage as a result of reliance onthis material.

Like most disruptive technologies, fuel cells have emergingmarket opportunities as well as technical or commercialization hurdles toovercome. The market opportunities that the Solid Oxide Fuel Cells present forthe materials industry are being reviewed throughout this study as well as theforecasted global market and economic values of this technology with emergingcommercial opportunities and remaining challenges for specific applications.

ThisBCC, Inc. technical/marketing study provides an in-depth analysis of the solidoxide fuel cell technology and the role this technology plays for thepower-generation market.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

This study aims to provide a complete set of market and technical informationto persons interested in investment, acquisition, or expansion in solid oxidefuel cell technology with specific, detailed information to make informeddecisions. In addition, those who simply want to stay abreast of the state ofthe art of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells will find this study worthwhile.

Morespecifically, this study aims to provide a unique analysis of the global marketfor Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, from materials, processes, and design developmentsto market incentives, and will be of interest to manufacturers of powertechnologies (fuel cells or batteries), their suppliers (materials andcomponents providers for example), as well as their applications: portablepower, stationary, transportation or residential products. This report also willbe valuable to those involved in solid oxide fuel cell development andmarketing, as well as those offering competing power sources.

Existing andpotential solid oxide fuel cell material providers, including miners,processors, refiners, chemical synthesizers and recyclers will find informationprovided by this report of interest to their operations.

The author and BCC,Inc. wish to thank those companies, government agencies and universityresearchers who contributed information to this effort.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

The scope of this report is to review the solid oxide fuel cell industrymarket opportunities and technical implications. A brief overview of theposition of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cells technology within the larger field offuel cells is being presented first, followed by a short description of themotivating economic and legislative factors driving the industry. Worldwideindustry structure, with an emphasis on the U.S. market, and competitiveness isbeing studied in terms of market drivers, market applications, emerging marketsor new applications, patents and technology review for materials, design, andcomponents but also monitoring and safety needs.

A profile of the variousmaterials needs and market opportunities is being addressed. Fuel options forSolid Oxide Fuel Cells are being briefly reviewed, as extensive coverage existsin previous BCC, Inc. reports. Specific materials and components growth demandis forecasted in terms of value, volume, and geography as applicable. Profile ofthe main industry materials and components suppliers is included.Cost/performance ratios of the various technologies complement this study.

Whereappropriate, historic, background, sources and suppliers, developments andconstraints, predicted and current markets by volume and value are summarized.Specific benefits and challenges by applications type are reviewed: portablepower, stationary, transportation, and residential products. The markets aresummarized by region and the types of cells, along with the players or potentialplayers in the market.

The area of fuel cell technology is a fast expandingindustry. Specific Solid Oxide Fuel Cells' technological or market innovationshave been included to the best of our knowledge in a rapidly evolving industry.

METHODOLOGY

Information sources, which provided the research information for this report,include: in-depth analysis of technical and business literature, a review of thehistory of the technology, interviews with industry experts, companyrepresentatives, federal government researchers, and university scientists.Secondary sources of information included product literature from solid oxidefuel cell system suppliers, and numerous scientific references, patent searches,and BCC's available database.

Forecasted and estimated values are based uponmarket trends, predicted values, historic trends, and private discussions withexpert representatives from companies, laboratories, and governmental agencies.All figures are presented in constant 2003 U.S. dollars.

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
SCOPE AND FORMAT
METHODOLOGY
INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS
- REPORTS
- OTHER PUBLICATIONS
BCC ONLINE SERVICES
ABOUT BCC
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
DISCLAIMER

SUMMARY

Summary Table:
GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Summary Figure:
GLOBAL SOFC MARKET, 2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

OVERVIEW

BACKGROUND
- FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES

Figure 1 SCHEMATIC OF THE BASIC FUEL CELL CORE
Figure 2 SCHEMATICS OF A COMPLETE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEM
Figure 3 SCHEMATIC OF HOW A FUEL CELL WORKS (HYDROGEN/AIR)
Table 1 CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
Figure 4 BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND MAJOR CHEMICALREACTIONS INVOLVED
Table 2 SUMMARY OF SOFC MATERIALS
Figure 5 SOFC AND PEM FUEL PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Figure 6 INTERCONNECT TUBULAR DESIGN SCHEMATICS
Figure 7 ELECTRODE AND ELECTROLYTE SUPPORTED SOFC DESIGNS
Figure 8 SCHEMATICS OF TUBULAR SOFC DESIGN
Figure 9 SCHEMATICS OF HPD SOFC DESIGN
Figure 10 SCHEMATICS OF A PLANAR SOFC DESIGN
Table 3 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 1/3)
Table 4 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 2/3)
Table 5 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 3/3)
Table 6 SOFC DESIGN COMPARISON: MATERIALS AND PROCESSING
Table 6 (CONTINUED)
Table 7 MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SOFC COMPONENTS
Table 7 (CONTINUED)
Table 8 MAIN U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF HYDROGEN BY SOURCE, WITH COST ESTIMATE
Figure 11 COMPARISON OF COSTS OF ENERGY BY SOURCE (COSTS OF ENERGY $/GJ)
Figure 11 (CONTINUED)
Figure 12 HYBRID SOFC/GAS TURBINE SYSTEM SCHEMATICS
Table 9 COST COMPARISON FOR MAIN SOFC DESIGNS
Figure 13 SOFC SYSTEM COST ESTIMATE-PLANAR DESIGN (PERCENT OF TOTAL COST)
Table 10 SOFC SYSTEM COST ESTIMATE-PLANAR DESIGN (PERCENT (%) OF TOTALCOST)
Table 11 SOFC STACK MATERIAL COST ESTIMATE FOR A 5 KW MODULE
Figure 14 U.S. PETROLEUM DEPENDENCE AND TRANSPORTATION, 1970-2020(MILLIONS OF BARRELS/DAY)
Table 12 GAS EMISSIONS FROM NATURAL GAS PLANTS VS FUEL CELLS (MG/KWH-EL)
Table 13 FREEDOMCAR PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS FOR 2010
Table 14 SECA PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS
Table 15 BARRIERS TO FUEL CELL COMMERCIALIZATION

WORLDWIDE INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

LEADING SOFC MANUFACTURERS

Table 16 SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
Figure 15 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY APPLICATION AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
Figure 16 SOFC DEVELOPMENT IN THE U.S. AND WORLDWIDE, BY APPLICATION (%)
Table 17 LIST OF U.S. SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION
Table 17 (CONTINUED)
Table 18 LIST OF EUROPEAN SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION
Table 18 (CONTINUED)
Table 19 LIST OF SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION FOR JAPAN AND OTHERCOUNTRIES
Figure 17 SOFC DEVELOPERS FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS, BY REGION (%)
Figure 18 SOFC DEVELOPMENT FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY REGION(PERCENT OF TOTAL NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS)
Figure 19 SOFC DEVELOPMENT FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS (<1KW) BY REGION(%)
- SOFC DEVELOPMENT BY REGION
  - MAIN TECHNOLOGIES MANUFACTURED AND AREAS OF INVOLVEMENT
Table 20 SOFC DEVELOPERS BY DESIGN AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
Figure 20 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY DESIGN AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
Table 21 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY TYPE AND BY REGION, 2002 (PERCENT BASED UPONTHE NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS FOR EACH TYPE)
Figure 21 SOFC DEVELOPMERS BY TYPE BY REGION, 2002 (PERCENT BASED UPON THENUMBER OF DEVELOPERS FOR EACH TYPE)
Table 22 SOFC CONSUMPTION BY REGION FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH2008 (NUMBER OF KW TESTED)
Table 23 COMPARISON OF FUEL CELL CONSUMPTION BY TECHNOLOGY AND BY REGIONFOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS (NUMBER OF KW TESTED FROM 1999 TO 2003)

INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS

BACKGROUND
- CURRENT STATUS

Table 24 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 ($MILLIONS)
Figure 22 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, 2003 ($MILLIONS)
Figure 23 GLOBAL SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, 2000 VS2003 (%)
Table 25 FUEL CELL GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION ANDAPPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 24 FC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION AND APPLICATION,2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 26 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING PER CAPITA, 2002
- SOFC INDUSTRY FUNDING ACTIVITIES BY REGION
Table 27 NUMBER OF FUEL CELLS TESTED WORLDWIDE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008
Table 28 NUMBER OF SOFC TESTED PER REGION, THROUGH 2008
Table 29 SECA PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS FOR FUEL CELLS
- INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS
  - INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED)
- ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
  - ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Table 30 U.S. ENERGY SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION BY TYPE OF FUEL, THROUGH 2025(1015 BTU)
Table 31 ENERGY SOURCES, TRADITIONAL U.S. UTILITIES, 2001 (%)
Table 32 ENERGY SOURCES, U.S. NON-UTILITIES, 2001 (%)
Table 33 AVERAGE PRICES FOR ELECTRICITY IN U.S. BY SECTOR, 1970-2008(CENTS PER KILOWATT-HOUR)
Table 34 EXPECTED AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY USAGE BY TYPE INTHE U.S., THROUGH 2025

MARKET APPLICATIONS FOR SOFC

MARKET APPLICATIONS FOR SOFC

Table 35 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR SOFC BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2008 ($MILLIONS)
Figure 25 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR SOFC BY APPLICATION, 2000-2008 ($MILLIONS)
Table 36 GLOBAL SOFC COMPANY MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, 2000, 2002 AND 2003(%)
- STATIONARY APPLICATIONS
Figure 26 ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY END USE SECTOR, 1988-2008 (QUADRILLIONBTU)
- TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
Table 37 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR FUEL CELLS IN TRANSPORTATION BY TYPE,THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- OTHER APPLICATIONS
  - PORTABLE APPLICATIONS
  - FEDERAL APPLICATIONS (MILITARY)
Table 38 SOFC NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR LARGE SCALE FEDERAL APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL PATENT AND TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS

PATENTS BY REGION

Figure 27 U.S. PATENT TRENDS BY COUNTRY, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Table 39 U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY WITH, 1996-JUNE 2003
Figure 28 PERCENT OF U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 1996 AND 2002
- PATENTS BY TOPIC
Figure 29 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY EMPHASIS, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Figure 30 APPLICATIONS-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Figure 31 TOPIC-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
- PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE
Figure 32 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Figure 33 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 1996
Figure 34 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 2002
Table 40 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS AWARDED 3 OR MORE SOFC- RELATEDPATENTS, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
- MAIN TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS
  - DESIGN-RELATED
Figure 35 DESIGN-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Table 41 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003(PART 1/3)
Table 42 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003(PART 2/3)
Table 42 (CONTINUED)
Table 43 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003(PART 3/3)
Table 43 (CONTINUED)
Table 44 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN AND GROWTH RATES IN PATENT ISSUANCES FORSOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996-JUNE 2003
Figure 36 U.S. PATENT GROWTH TRENDS (LINEAR EXTRAPOLATION) FOR SOFCMATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996-2002
Figure 37 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN FOR SOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996 AND 2001(%)
Table 45 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN BY SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE2003
Figure 38 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN BY SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE2003
Table 46 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN FOR SOFC ELECTRODE AND INTERCONNECTMATERIALS, 1996-JUNE 2003
Figure 39 U.S. PATENT GROWTH TRENDS (LINEAR EXTRAPOLATION) FOR SOFCELECTRODE AND INTERCONNECT MATERIALS, 1996-2002
- SELECTED PATENT REVIEW
  - SELECTED PATENT REVIEW (CONTINUED)
  - SELECTED PATENT REVIEW (CONTINUED)
  - SELECTED PATENT REVIEW (CONTINUED)
  - SELECTED PATENT REVIEW (CONTINUED)
- EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
  - EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES (CONTINUE)

THE SOFC MATERIALS MARKET

THE SOFC MATERIALS MARKET

Table 47 TYPICAL SOFC MATERIALS
Table 48 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL POWDERS
Table 48 (CONTINUED)
- SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS
  - DESCRIPTION
Table 49 CRITICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFC ELECTROLYTE POWDER MATERIALS*
- SOFC ELECTRODE MATERIALS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - ANODE (FUEL ELECTRODE)
Table 50 SOFC ANODE POWDER MATERIALS
Table 51 SOFC CATHODE POWDER MATERIALS
- OTHER SOFC MATERIALS
  - INTERCONNECT
  - SEALS
  - ELECTROCATALYST MATERIALS FOR SOFC
  - OTHER MATERIALS
- SOFC MATERIALS MARKET REVIEW
Table 52 THE U.S SOFC MATERIALS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 (METRIC TONS)
Table 53 THE U.S SOFC MATERIALS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 54 HISTORIC PRICES OF SOFC-RELATED MATERIALS: MINERALS AND BASICELEMENTS, 2000-2002 AND ESTIMATED PRICES FOR 2003 ($ PER METRIC TON)
Table 55 LIST OF SOFC MATERIALS PRODUCERS
Table 55 (CONTINUED)
Table 55 (CONTINUED)
- SOFC U.S. MATERIALS PRODUCERS PROFILE
  - ALTAIR NANOMATERIALS INC.
  - AMERICAN ELEMENTS
  - CERAMATEC, INC.
  - FUEL CELL MATERIALS
  - H.C. STARCK
  - INTERTEC ADVANCED MATERIALS, INC.
  - JOHNSON MATTHEY
  - MARKETECH INTERNATIONAL INC.
  - NEXTECH MATERIALS, LTD.
  - PRAXAIR SPECIALTY CERAMICS INC.
  - SAINT GOBAIN CERAMICS MATERIALS INC.
  - STANFORD MATERIALS
  - ZIRCOA INC.
  - ZIRCONIA SALES (AMERICA) INC.
  - Z-TECH CORPORATION

APPENDIX

SOURCES OF INFORMATION
- NEWSLETTERS
- BOOKS
- PERIODICALS
- INTERNET WEB SITES
- OTHER
LIST OF MAIN SOFC MANUFACTURERS*
- LIST OF MAIN SOFC MANUFACTURERS (CONTINUED)
- LIST OF MAIN SOFC MANUFACTURERS (CONTINUED)

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table: GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 1 CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
Table 2 SUMMARY OF SOFC MATERIALS
Table 3 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 1/3)
Table 4 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 2/3)
Table 5 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 3/3)
Table 6 SOFC DESIGN COMPARISON: MATERIALS AND PROCESSING
Table 7 MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SOFC COMPONENTS
Table 8 MAIN U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF HYDROGEN BY SOURCE, WITH COST ESTIMATE
Table 9 COST COMPARISON FOR MAIN SOFC DESIGNS
Table 10 SOFC SYSTEM COST ESTIMATE-PLANAR DESIGN (PERCENT (%) OF TOTALCOST)
Table 11 SOFC STACK MATERIAL COST ESTIMATE FOR A 5 KW MODULE
Table 12 GAS EMISSIONS FROM NATURAL GAS PLANTS VS FUEL CELLS (MG/KWH-EL)
Table 13 FREEDOMCAR PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS FOR 2010
Table 14 SECA PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS
Table 15 BARRIERS TO FUEL CELL COMMERCIALIZATION
Table 16 SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
Table 17 LIST OF U.S. SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION
Table 18 LIST OF EUROPEAN SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION
Table 19 LIST OF SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION FOR JAPAN AND OTHERCOUNTRIES
Table 20 SOFC DEVELOPERS BY DESIGN AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
Table 21 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY TYPE AND BY REGION, 2002 (PERCENT BASED UPONTHE NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS FOR EACH TYPE)
Table 22 SOFC CONSUMPTION BY REGION FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH2008 (NUMBER OF KW TESTED)
Table 23 COMPARISON OF FUEL CELL CONSUMPTION BY TECHNOLOGY AND BY REGIONFOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS (NUMBER OF KW TESTED FROM 1999 TO 2003)
Table 24 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 ($MILLIONS)
Table 25 FUEL CELL GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION ANDAPPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 26 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING PER CAPITA, 2002
Table 27 NUMBER OF FUEL CELLS TESTED WORLDWIDE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008
Table 28 NUMBER OF SOFC TESTED PER REGION, THROUGH 2008
Table 29 SECA PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS FOR FUEL CELLS
Table 30 U.S. ENERGY SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION BY TYPE OF FUEL, THROUGH 2025(1015 BTU)
Table 31 ENERGY SOURCES, TRADITIONAL U.S. UTILITIES, 2001 (%)
Table 32 ENERGY SOURCES, U.S. NON-UTILITIES, 2001 (%)
Table 33 AVERAGE PRICES FOR ELECTRICITY IN U.S. BY SECTOR, 1970-2008(CENTS PER KILOWATT-HOUR)
Table 34 EXPECTED AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY USAGE BY TYPE INTHE U.S., THROUGH 2025
Table 35 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR SOFC BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2008 ($MILLIONS)
Table 36 GLOBAL SOFC COMPANY MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, 2000, 2002 AND 2003(%)
Table 37 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR FUEL CELLS IN TRANSPORTATION BY TYPE,THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 38 SOFC NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR LARGE SCALE FEDERAL APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 39 U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY WITH, 1996-JUNE 2003
Table 40 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS AWARDED 3 OR MORE SOFC- RELATEDPATENTS, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Table 41 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003(PART 1/3)
Table 42 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003(PART 2/3)
Table 43 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003(PART 3/3)
Table 44 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN AND GROWTH RATES IN PATENT ISSUANCES FORSOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996-JUNE 2003
Table 45 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN BY SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE2003
Table 46 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN FOR SOFC ELECTRODE AND INTERCONNECTMATERIALS, 1996-JUNE 2003
Table 47 TYPICAL SOFC MATERIALS
Table 48 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL POWDERS
Table 49 CRITICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFC ELECTROLYTE POWDER MATERIALS*
Table 50 SOFC ANODE POWDER MATERIALS
Table 51 SOFC CATHODE POWDER MATERIALS
Table 52 THE U.S SOFC MATERIALS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 (METRIC TONS)
Table 53 THE U.S SOFC MATERIALS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 54 HISTORIC PRICES OF SOFC-RELATED MATERIALS: MINERALS AND BASICELEMENTS, 2000-2002 AND ESTIMATED PRICES FOR 2003 ($ PER METRIC TON)
Table 55 LIST OF SOFC MATERIALS PRODUCERS

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure: GLOBAL SOFC MARKET, 2002 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 1 SCHEMATIC OF THE BASIC FUEL CELL CORE
Figure 2 SCHEMATICS OF A COMPLETE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEM
Figure 3 SCHEMATIC OF HOW A FUEL CELL WORKS (HYDROGEN/AIR)
Figure 4 BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND MAJOR CHEMICALREACTIONS INVOLVED
Figure 5 SOFC AND PEM FUEL PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Figure 6 INTERCONNECT TUBULAR DESIGN SCHEMATICS
Figure 7 ELECTRODE AND ELECTROLYTE SUPPORTED SOFC DESIGNS
Figure 8 SCHEMATICS OF TUBULAR SOFC DESIGN
Figure 9 SCHEMATICS OF HPD SOFC DESIGN
Figure 10 SCHEMATICS OF A PLANAR SOFC DESIGN
Figure 11 COMPARISON OF COSTS OF ENERGY BY SOURCE (COSTS OF ENERGY $/GJ)
Figure 12 HYBRID SOFC/GAS TURBINE SYSTEM SCHEMATICS
Figure 13 SOFC SYSTEM COST ESTIMATE-PLANAR DESIGN (PERCENT OF TOTAL COST)
Figure 14 U.S. PETROLEUM DEPENDENCE AND TRANSPORTATION, 1970-2020(MILLIONS OF BARRELS/DAY)
Figure 15 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY APPLICATION AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
Figure 16 SOFC DEVELOPMENT IN THE U.S. AND WORLDWIDE, BY APPLICATION (%)
Figure 17 SOFC DEVELOPERS FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS, BY REGION (%)
Figure 18 SOFC DEVELOPMENT FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY REGION(PERCENT OF TOTAL NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS)
Figure 19 SOFC DEVELOPMENT FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS (<1KW) BY REGION(%)
Figure 20 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY DESIGN AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
Figure 21 SOFC DEVELOPMERS BY TYPE BY REGION, 2002 (PERCENT BASED UPON THENUMBER OF DEVELOPERS FOR EACH TYPE)
Figure 22 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, 2003 ($MILLIONS)
Figure 23 GLOBAL SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, 2000 VS2003 (%)
Figure 24 FC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION AND APPLICATION,2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 25 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR SOFC BY APPLICATION, 2000-2008 ($MILLIONS)
Figure 26 ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY END USE SECTOR, 1988-2008 (QUADRILLIONBTU)
Figure 27 U.S. PATENT TRENDS BY COUNTRY, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Figure 28 PERCENT OF U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 1996 AND 2002
Figure 29 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY EMPHASIS, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Figure 30 APPLICATIONS-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Figure 31 TOPIC-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Figure 32 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Figure 33 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 1996
Figure 34 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 2002
Figure 35 DESIGN-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
Figure 36 U.S. PATENT GROWTH TRENDS (LINEAR EXTRAPOLATION) FOR SOFCMATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996-2002
Figure 37 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN FOR SOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996 AND 2001(%)
Figure 38 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN BY SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE2003
Figure 39 U.S. PATENT GROWTH TRENDS (LINEAR EXTRAPOLATION) FOR SOFCELECTRODE AND INTERCONNECT MATERIALS, 1996-2002

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Publisher: Business Communications Co., Inc.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

SUMMARY

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

SCOPE AND FORMAT

METHODOLOGY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

SUMMARY

OVERVIEW

WORLDWIDE INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS

MARKET APPLICATIONS FOR SOFC

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL PATENT AND TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS

THE SOFC MATERIALS MARKET

APPENDIX

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES