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Polymer Nanocomposites: Nanoparticles, Nanoclays and Nanotubes

Product Type: Market Research Report

Publication Date: Mar 27, 2004

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SUMMARY

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This report focuses on polymer nanocomposites and their uses. There has beenenormous interest in the commercialization of nanocomposites for a variety ofapplications, and a number of these applications already can be found in themarketplace.

For decades, mineral fillers, metals and fibers have been addedto thermoplastics and thermosets to form composites. Compared to neat resins,these composites have a number of improved properties including tensilestrength, heat distortion temperature and modulus. Thus for structuralapplications, composites have become very popular and are sold in billion-poundquantities. These filled thermoplastics are sold in even larger volumes thanneat thermoplastics.

Furthermore, the volume of fillers sold roughly equalsthe volume of thermoplastic resin sold. Clearly, the idea of adding fillers tothermoplastics and thermosets to improve properties, and in some cases decreasecosts, has been very successful for many years.

Thermoplastics have becomepart of the fabric of modern life. Billions of pounds of these materials aresold annually, and the rate of thermoplastic production is increasing. Thesematerials are ubiquitous and found in homes, cars, offices, and a host of otherplaces. Thermoplastics have grown in acceptance in our society because theyperform well for their cost.

More recently, advances in synthetic techniquesand the ability to characterize materials readily on an atomic scale have leadto interest in nanometer-size materials, e.g., grains, fibers and plates. Theyhave dramatically increased surface area compared to conventional-sizematerials, and the chemistry of nanosize materials is altered in comparison toconventional materials.

Polymer nanocomposites combine composites andnanometer size materials. Thermoplastics filled with nanometer size materialshave properties different from thermoplastics filled with conventionalmaterials. Some of these properties, such as increased tensile strength, may beachieved by using higher conventional filler loading at the expense of increasedweight and decreased gloss. Other properties, such as clarity or improvedbarriers, cannot be duplicated by filled resins at any loading.

Polymernanocomposites were developed in the late 1980s by both commercial researchorganizations and academic laboratories. Toyota was the first company tocommercialize these nanocomposites, and it used nanocomposite parts in one ofits popular models for several years. Following Toyota's lead, a number of othercompanies also began investigating nanocomposites.

Most of the commercialinterest in nanocomposites has been focused on thermoplastics. They can bebroken into two groups: less expensive commodity resins and the more expensive(and higher performance) engineering resins. One of the goals of nanocompositeswas to permit substitution of more expensive engineering resins with aless-expensive commodity resin nanocomposite. Substituting a nanocompositecommodity resin with equivalent performance as a more expensive engineeringresin should yield overall cost savings.

Using a strict definition ofnanocomposites, i.e., any filler submicron in size, there already aresignificant volumes of nanocomposites being produced (probably more than 100million pounds). However, the fillers, carbon black, fumed silica and calciumcarbonate, do not alter the performance of the composite dramatically whencompared to conventional size fillers. Furthermore, these materials have beenknown and used for decades. Often, particles used in composites are agglomeratesof smaller particles. This was unknown until microscopy developed to the pointwhere it could characterize these particles more fully.

Much of the researchinterest in nanocomposites was jump-started by the National NanotechnologyInitiative (NNI). More research money was provided by this initiative than wasspent on the Human Genome Project. For example, NNI funding exceeded $600million in 2003 and continues to increase.

The goals of the NNI have beenadopted by many nanotechnology researchers (who are looking for funding, ofcourse):

Research and technology development at the atomic, molecular ormacromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1 nanometer to100 nanometer range.
Creating and using structures, devices and systems that have novelproperties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size.
Ability to control or manipulate on the atomic scale; nanotechnologyimplies that new materials and applications are being developed tospecifically exploit the properties found in this size range.

Consequently, this report excludes composites made from conventionalmaterials, even if they are composed of particles that meet the strictdictionary size definition of nanoparticles.

At this point in time, there hasbeen much less open commercial interest in thermoset nanocomposites compared tothermoplastics. Yet thermoplastics have been able to dominate a major coatingmarket in a relatively short time frame.

Nanocomposites have proven to be moredifficult to manufacture than first anticipated, but new materials in pilotplants and laboratories may be able to live up to much of their initial promise.Greater understanding of the chemistry driving the formation of nanocompositeshas enabled researchers to discover practical production methods for thesematerials.

Nanocomposites offer improvements in several of the properties ofthermoplastics including tensile strength, modulus, barrier and heat distortiontemperature. If a nanocomposite could offer these improvements at no additionalcost, then it quickly would replace a large percentage of unfilledthermoplastics. Unfortunately, improved performance of a nanocomposite comparedto a thermoplastic comes with an increase in price.

Therefore, replacementwill not come on a wholesale basis, but will take place in applications whereimproved performance of a nanocomposite justifies the price increase.Nanocomposites are not going to be commodity materials. They are specialtymaterials that will carry a price premium for the foreseeable future.

Sincenanocomposites will not completely replace any particular unfilled resin, overthe next 5 years, amounts of nanocomposites will be modest by thermoplasticstandards. However, nanocomposites already are produced in multimillion-poundquantities and these applications should increase dramatically during the nexthalf-decade.

This report summarizes and describes current nanocompositeproducts, and covers some of the future developments involving these materials.It also covers a number of applications for these nanocomposites, and estimatespossible future markets for them.

Armed with this information, readers withbusiness interests then can make sound judgments regarding marketing strategies,investment decisions, or strategic plans concerning markets for polymernanocomposites. This report was written to be readily accessible for readerswith a business background, but accuracy concerning the technical aspects ofpolymer nanocomposite manufacture has not been sacrificed.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

While there has been considerable ballyhoo in the popular press regarding thewonders of polymer nanocomposites, it is difficult to get solid information onhow many of these nanocomposites are being produced and sold. Furthermore, manyarticles have presented wildly misleading information concerning themanufacture, markets and applications of these materials. This report offers atimely picture of trends in polymer nanocomposites that cannot be obtained fromother sources.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY

This report discusses the current and future sizes of the polymernanocomposite market on a global basis. The U.S. is, and probably will remain,the dominant producer and one of the world's largest markets for polymernanocomposites. Thus, there is a heavy focus on trends in this country.

Readersof this report will be able to distinguish the hype concerning the uses ofpolymer nanocomposites from the reality of the market. A number of potentiallysignificant markets for polymer nanocomposites have received relatively littlepress, and many of the published articles concerning uses of these materials donot provide an accurate picture.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

To generate the information required to construct a reasonable future marketfor polymer nanocomposites, it is necessary to take a hard look at the potentialadvantages and pitfalls of the current crop of these materials as compared toconventionally filled polymers. This report does not delve into the likelihoodof exotic new forms of transportation. instead, it is restricted to the possiblereplacement of existing conventional materials with polymer nanocomposites.Possible applications of nanocomposite materials within the next 5 years alsoare discussed.

This report features two types of polymer nanocomposites:

Thermoplastic: these materials are broken into two major categories, i.e.,commodity resins and engineering resins; the potential of polymernanocomposite commodity resin is covered by filler types such as nanoclays,nanotubes and metal oxides.
Thermoset nanocomposites: these have received less commercial interestduring their development than have thermoplastic nanocomposites, but thematerials have been more straightforward to produce.

The report is broken into five sections. First there is a technology overviewthat gives the broad details of polymer nanocomposites, along with some of theirphysical properties and methods of manufacture. Next there is an extensivedescription of the industry that is developing polymer nanocomposites includingclay manufacturers, nanotube manufacturers, metal oxide filler manufacturers,thermoplastic resin producers, and compounders, along with company profiles. Theproducts section covers nanocomposites by filler type, along with relevantresins for each nanocomposite. The report concludes with a market applicationssection that covers the likely trends over the next 5 years.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

This report is the end result of 4 months of concerted effort by the author.Primary information sources were interviews with several dozen people inindustry, academe and the government. The author also attended meetings andconferences, and much precious insight was gained from these sources as well.Many of the people interviewed are recognized authorities in the field, andprovided invaluable assistance. I would like to thank all who took the time tospeak with me for their help with this project.

Since this study was notcommissioned by any corporation or individual, the author's brief in writing itwas to be as objective as possible.

Secondary sources used for this reportinclude a number of publications issued by the federal government, as well asitems from the Internet, corporate literature and peer-reviewed literature.

Anytime an estimate of a number is made, the underlying assumptions are discussed.Thus, if a reader chooses to interpret raw data in a different way, it ispossible to do so. Dollar amounts are in constant 2003 dollars, and averageannual growth rates (AAGRs) are calculated using standard tables.

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY
SCOPE AND FORMAT
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS

SUMMARY

Summary Table:
WORLDWIDE VOLUME AND VALUE FOR POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008(MILLIONS)
Summary Figure:
WORLDWIDE VOLUME AND VALUE FOR POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY TYPE, 2003 AND 2008($ MILLIONS)

TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

WHAT IS A NANOCOMPOSITE?
- COMPOSITES
- WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
NANOCOMPOSITES AND CONVENTIONAL MATERIALS

Table 1 ALTERED PROPERTIES OF NANOCOMPOSITES COMPARED TO CONVENTIONALCOMPOSITES
- THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES
Table 2 COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Table 3 COMPARISON OF NANOCLAY-FILLED THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES WITHMINERAL FILLED AND GLASS-FILLED POLYMERS
Table 4 THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITE PROPERTIES AFFECTED BY DEGREE OFEXFOLIATION
Table 5 REASONS WHY MONTMORILLONITE IS USED IN NANOCOMPOSITES
Table 6 EFFECTS OF SURFACE MODIFICATIONS ON NATURAL CLAYS
Figure 1 RELATIVE ENERGIES OF FORMATION OF CARBON COMPOUNDS
Table 7 COMPARISON OF FILLED THERMOPLASTICS BY FILLER SIZE
Table 8 CALCIUM CARBONATE PROPERTIES
Table 9 WORLDWIDE VOLUME AND VALUE OF SUBMICRON CALCIUM CARBONATE FILLEDTHERMOPLASTICS*, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
- THERMOSET NANOCOMPOSITES

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION

Table 10 FIRMS INVOLVED IN THE POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE INDUSTRY
- THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES
  - THERMOPLASTIC NANOCO (CONTINUED)
  - THERMOPLASTIC NANOCO (CONTINUED)
  - A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE THERMOPLASTICS NANOCOMPOSITES INDUSTRY
  - TIME FRAMES FOR NANOCOMPOSITE DEVELOPMENT
  - DRIVERS OF NANOCOMPOSITE DEVELOPMENT
Table 11 DRIVERS OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE DEVELOPMENT
- FILLER MANUFACTURERS
  - A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NANOFILLER INDUSTRY
Table 12 SELECTED NANOFILLER MANUFACTURERS
Table 13 REASONS WHY MASTERBATCH PRODUCTION WAS NOT ACCEPTED BY CLAYPRODUCERS
Table 14 MAJOR NANOCLAY PRODUCERS BY CAPACITY, 1999 AND 2003 (MILLIONS OFPOUNDS)
Table 15 CONVENTIONAL AND NANOSIZE FILLER PRODUCERS
Table 16 TYPICAL CALCIUM CARBONATE PRICING BY PARTICLE SIZE
Table 17 POSSIBLE BUSINESS MODELS FOR NANOPARTICLE PRODUCERS
Table 18 DEDICATED NANOSIZE FILLER PRODUCERS
Table 19 CARBON NANOTUBE PRODUCERS LINKED TO POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES
- RESIN MANUFACTURERS
Table 20 REASONS FOR A MAJOR RESIN PRODUCER TO DEVELOP A NANOCOMPOSITE
Table 21 NANOCOMPOSITE PRICING COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL FILLED RESINS
Table 22 MAJOR RESIN PRODUCERS DEVELOPING NANOCOMPOSITES
- THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITE PRODUCTION
Table 23 THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
Table 24 NANOCOMPOSITES PROCESSED BY COMPOUNDING
Table 25 THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES, BY PRODUCTION TYPE, 2003-2008 (BYVOLUME)
- COMPOUNDERS
- THE AUTOMOTIVE CONNECTION
- THERMOSETS
  - FLOOR FINISHES

COMPANY PROFILES

SOUTHERN CLAY PRODUCTS, INC.
NANOCOR
RTP
GENERAL ELECTRIC CORPORATE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DUPONT
DOW CHEMICAL CO.
EASTMAN CHEMICAL CO.
BASELL
BAYER POLYMERS DIVISION
HONEYWELL
GM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
HYBRID PLASTICS
DEGUSSA
CABOT
HYPERION CATALYSIS INTERNATIONAL

PRODUCTS

Table 26 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY TYPE,THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Figure 2 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY TYPE,2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES
  - A BRIEF HISTORY OF THERMOPLASTICS
  - WHY IS THERE SUCH INTEREST IN NANOCOMPOSITES?
  - NANOCOMPOSITE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Table 27 NANOCOMPOSITE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS, 1999 AND 2004
Table 28 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES BYFILLER TYPES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Figure 3 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES BYFILLER TYPES, 2003-2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 29 COMPARISON OF NANOCOMPOSITES AND MINERAL-FILLED POLYMERS
Table 30 PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS NANOCLAY TYPES
Table 31 PROPERTIES OF MONTMORILLONITE-FILLED THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES
Table 32 SURFACE TREATED CLAYS (%)
Table 33 COMPARISON OF NYLON 6 AND NYLON 6/ NANOCOMPOSITE (5%MONTMORILLONITE)
Table 34 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF NANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BY RESINTYPE, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Figure 4 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF NANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BY RESINTYPE, 2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 35 COMPARISON OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH CONVENTIONAL BARRIER PACKAGING
Table 36 PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT BY NANOTUBE FILLERS IN POLYMER MATRIXES
Table 37 COMPARISON OF FILLER TECHNOLOGY FOR STATIC DISSIPATIVE ANDCONDUCTIVE POLYMERS
Table 38 COMPARING SINGLE-WALL AND MULTIWALL NANOTUBES FOR FILLED POLYMERAPPLICATIONS
Table 39 HYPERION NANOTUBE-FILLED RESINS
Table 40 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF MULTIWALL NANOTUBE-FILLEDNANOCOMPOSITES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Figure 5 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF MULTIWALL NANOTUBE-FILLEDNANOCOMPOSITES, 2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 41 COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL AND NANOFILLED METAL OXIDE FILLERS
Table 42 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF METAL OXIDE-FILLED THERMOPLASTICNANOCOMPOSITES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 43 COMPARISON OF METALS AND POLYMERS
Table 44 COMPARISON OF NANOMETAL-FILLED AND CONVENTIONAL METAL-FILLEDPOLYMERS
Table 45 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES BYRESIN TYPE, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Figure 6 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES BYRESIN TYPE, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- THERMOSET NANOCOMPOSITES
  - FILLER TYPES
Table 46 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF NANOCOMPOSITE THERMOPLASTIC COATINGMARKETS, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Figure 7 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF NANOCOMPOSITE THERMOPLASTIC COATINGMARKETS, 2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

MARKET APPLICATIONS

OVERVIEW

Table 47 WORLDIWDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Figure 8 WORLDIWDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 48 THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATIVE AND ECONOMIC DRIVERS ON NANOCOMPOSITEMARKETS
Table 48 (CONTINUED)
- AUTOMOTIVE/LIGHT TRUCK APPLICATIONS
  - NANOTUBE-FILLED POLYMER APPLICATIONS
Table 49 COMPARISON OF MOLDED-IN COLOR AND PAINTED THERMOPLASTIC PARTS
Table 50 REQUIREMENTS FOR NANOCOMPOSITES USED IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
Table 51 WORLDIWDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS FOR POLYMERNANOCOMPOSITES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
- INDUSTRIAL/ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS FOR NANOCOMPOSITES
  - STATIC DISSIPATIVE VS. CONDUCTIVE
Table 52 COMPARISON OF STATIC DISSIPATIVE AND CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS
Table 53 WORLDIWDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS FOR POLYMERNANOCOMPOSITES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
- BARRIER PACKAGING
  - FOOD PACKAGING
Table 54 WORLDWIDE NYLON AND NYLON NANOCOMPOSITE USE FOR BARRIER PACKAGINGAPPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 55 COMPARISON OF GLASS AND PLASTIC USED FOR BEER PACKAGING
Table 56 COMPARISON OF PLASTIC PACKAGING FOR BEER
Table 57 POSSIBLE U.S. MARKETS FOR PLASTIC BEER PACKAGING, 2003 AND 2008(UNITS AND DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
- FLAME RETARDANT APPLICATIONS
Table 58 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FLAMERETARDANT PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
- FLOORING APPLICATIONS
Table 59 U.S. WOOD FLOORING MARKETS, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS OF SQUAREFEET)

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table: WORLDWIDE VOLUME AND VALUE FOR POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008(MILLIONS)
Table 1 ALTERED PROPERTIES OF NANOCOMPOSITES COMPARED TO CONVENTIONALCOMPOSITES
Table 2 COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Table 3 COMPARISON OF NANOCLAY-FILLED THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES WITHMINERAL FILLED AND GLASS-FILLED POLYMERS
Table 4 THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITE PROPERTIES AFFECTED BY DEGREE OFEXFOLIATION
Table 5 REASONS WHY MONTMORILLONITE IS USED IN NANOCOMPOSITES
Table 6 EFFECTS OF SURFACE MODIFICATIONS ON NATURAL CLAYS
Table 7 COMPARISON OF FILLED THERMOPLASTICS BY FILLER SIZE
Table 8 CALCIUM CARBONATE PROPERTIES
Table 9 WORLDWIDE VOLUME AND VALUE OF SUBMICRON CALCIUM CARBONATE FILLEDTHERMOPLASTICS*, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 10 FIRMS INVOLVED IN THE POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE INDUSTRY
Table 11 DRIVERS OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE DEVELOPMENT
Table 12 SELECTED NANOFILLER MANUFACTURERS
Table 13 REASONS WHY MASTERBATCH PRODUCTION WAS NOT ACCEPTED BY CLAYPRODUCERS
Table 14 MAJOR NANOCLAY PRODUCERS BY CAPACITY, 1999 AND 2003 (MILLIONS OFPOUNDS)
Table 15 CONVENTIONAL AND NANOSIZE FILLER PRODUCERS
Table 16 TYPICAL CALCIUM CARBONATE PRICING BY PARTICLE SIZE
Table 17 POSSIBLE BUSINESS MODELS FOR NANOPARTICLE PRODUCERS
Table 18 DEDICATED NANOSIZE FILLER PRODUCERS
Table 19 CARBON NANOTUBE PRODUCERS LINKED TO POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES
Table 20 REASONS FOR A MAJOR RESIN PRODUCER TO DEVELOP A NANOCOMPOSITE
Table 21 NANOCOMPOSITE PRICING COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL FILLED RESINS
Table 22 MAJOR RESIN PRODUCERS DEVELOPING NANOCOMPOSITES
Table 23 THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
Table 24 NANOCOMPOSITES PROCESSED BY COMPOUNDING
Table 25 THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES, BY PRODUCTION TYPE, 2003-2008 (BYVOLUME)
Table 26 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY TYPE,THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 27 NANOCOMPOSITE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS, 1999 AND 2004
Table 28 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES BYFILLER TYPES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 29 COMPARISON OF NANOCOMPOSITES AND MINERAL-FILLED POLYMERS
Table 30 PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS NANOCLAY TYPES
Table 31 PROPERTIES OF MONTMORILLONITE-FILLED THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES
Table 32 SURFACE TREATED CLAYS (%)
Table 33 COMPARISON OF NYLON 6 AND NYLON 6/ NANOCOMPOSITE (5%MONTMORILLONITE)
Table 34 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF NANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BY RESINTYPE, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 35 COMPARISON OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH CONVENTIONAL BARRIER PACKAGING
Table 36 PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT BY NANOTUBE FILLERS IN POLYMER MATRIXES
Table 37 COMPARISON OF FILLER TECHNOLOGY FOR STATIC DISSIPATIVE ANDCONDUCTIVE POLYMERS
Table 38 COMPARING SINGLE-WALL AND MULTIWALL NANOTUBES FOR FILLED POLYMERAPPLICATIONS
Table 39 HYPERION NANOTUBE-FILLED RESINS
Table 40 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF MULTIWALL NANOTUBE-FILLEDNANOCOMPOSITES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 41 COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL AND NANOFILLED METAL OXIDE FILLERS
Table 42 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF METAL OXIDE-FILLED THERMOPLASTICNANOCOMPOSITES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 43 COMPARISON OF METALS AND POLYMERS
Table 44 COMPARISON OF NANOMETAL-FILLED AND CONVENTIONAL METAL-FILLEDPOLYMERS
Table 45 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES BYRESIN TYPE, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 46 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF NANOCOMPOSITE THERMOPLASTIC COATINGMARKETS, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 47 WORLDIWDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 48 THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATIVE AND ECONOMIC DRIVERS ON NANOCOMPOSITEMARKETS
Table 49 COMPARISON OF MOLDED-IN COLOR AND PAINTED THERMOPLASTIC PARTS
Table 50 REQUIREMENTS FOR NANOCOMPOSITES USED IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
Table 51 WORLDIWDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS FOR POLYMERNANOCOMPOSITES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 52 COMPARISON OF STATIC DISSIPATIVE AND CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS
Table 53 WORLDIWDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS FOR POLYMERNANOCOMPOSITES, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 54 WORLDWIDE NYLON AND NYLON NANOCOMPOSITE USE FOR BARRIER PACKAGINGAPPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 55 COMPARISON OF GLASS AND PLASTIC USED FOR BEER PACKAGING
Table 56 COMPARISON OF PLASTIC PACKAGING FOR BEER
Table 57 POSSIBLE U.S. MARKETS FOR PLASTIC BEER PACKAGING, 2003 AND 2008(UNITS AND DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
Table 58 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FLAMERETARDANT PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS)
Table 59 U.S. WOOD FLOORING MARKETS, THROUGH 2008 (MILLIONS OF SQUAREFEET)

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure: WORLDWIDE VOLUME AND VALUE FOR POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY TYPE, 2003 AND 2008($ MILLIONS)
Figure 1 RELATIVE ENERGIES OF FORMATION OF CARBON COMPOUNDS
Figure 2 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY TYPE,2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 3 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES BYFILLER TYPES, 2003-2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 4 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF NANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BY RESINTYPE, 2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 5 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF MULTIWALL NANOTUBE-FILLEDNANOCOMPOSITES, 2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 6 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF THERMOPLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITES BYRESIN TYPE, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 7 WORLDWIDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF NANOCOMPOSITE THERMOPLASTIC COATINGMARKETS, 2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 8 WORLDIWDE VALUE AND VOLUME OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

Polymer Nanocomposites: Nanoparticles, Nanoclays and Nanotubes

Publisher: Business Communications Co., Inc.

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Polymer Nanocomposites: Nanoparticles, Nanoclays and Nanotubes

SUMMARY

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY

SCOPE AND FORMAT

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES