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World Markets for Small Hydro and Ocean Energy Conversion Equipment

Product Type: Market Research Report

Publication Date: Apr 30, 2004

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SUMMARY

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

BCC's goal in conducting this study was to assess the technical status andidentify and quantify market opportunities for small hydroelectric power plantsand equipment, and ocean energy conversion (OEC) devices.

The level of detailfor market coverage includes state, national, regional, and worldwide totals.

Theinvestigation included developing a rationale for projecting the evolution ofthe markets for the equipment through 2008. For small hydro, the study focuseson an upper bound of 10 MW capacity and a lower bound of 1 MW, except in a fewinstances where the national definition of small hydro is different and impactsthe market in that country.

Small hydro turbines included in this capacityrange are Francis, Kaplan, Pelton, Turgo, crossflow, and propeller devices.

Oceanenergy conversion (OEC) systems, covering ocean current, ocean thermal, tidal,tidal current and wave energy facilities, were examined in their totality. Nospecific bounds have been established for these technologies in terms of thenecessary output relative to cost because all OEC technologies have limiteddeployment at present. The market potential, however, is very large.

A newclass of hydromechanical energy conversion device has recently emerged, calledfreestream hydroturbines. These devices cross over both ocean tidal current andriver-based categories. Market forecasts were developed for both applications.

Marketsfor technologies do not evolve in a vacuum. A goal of the research for thisreport was to investigate, characterize and quantify the impacts of resourcelocation, capital availability, political forces, government incentives,international mandates, permitting issues, and environmental factors that impedeor enhance the markets.

The technical status of each of the technologies wasalso examined to determine whether trends are emerging in the preferences forone technology over another, or whether technological advances were priming onetechnology to supercede another.

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

The renewable energy technologies industry has climbed into the realm of bigbusiness.

Large wind turbines joined small hydro and biomass in thebillion-dollar annual revenue realm in the late 1990s. Photovoltaics reachedthat level in 2000 and now megawatt-scale projects regularly occur. Geothermalpower plants have become a short-listed option wherever a sufficient resource ispresent. A slew of new OEC technologies have been developed and demonstrationprojects are being deployed in the waters off four continents.

This study wasperformed to pinpoint and characterize opportunities for growth of small hydroand OEC technologies. The goal was to quantify their current and futureinstalled capacity and to place a dollar value on those shipments.

Forequipment manufacturers, this study is designed to serve as a guide fordirecting marketing and sales efforts, as well as for manufacturing capacityplanning. A number of project developers are profiled that operate in differentparts of the world to provide marketing opportunities for companies thatmanufacture small hydro equipment.

This report aids project planners,developers and financiers as they assess the potential for success of smallhydro or ocean energy conversion technologies in a given location. Analyses arecarried out of the government and utility policies, resources, utility rates,interconnection procedures, subsidies, and tariff schemes for many of thecountries examined in this report. The study describes the forces driving therapid growth of renewables markets, including regulatory and financial incentiveschemes that governments, private organizations and international organizationshave put into place to foster renewables industries.

As with other bulk powerproduction equipment, the economics of renewables are strongly influenced byregulatory, subsidy and taxation considerations that vary from continent tocontinent, nation to nation, state to state, utility to utility. The contents ofthis study are intended to provide clear views of the social, political, andeconomic environments in which these technologies must come to market.

Onenearly universal concern is global warming, a nascent catastrophic environmentalsituation whose existence has finally been admitted by all but the mostcommitted to denial. A second environmental factor is the growingepidemiological evidence that millions of instances of respiratory illnesses andfatalities are caused by emissions from fossil-fueled power plants. A finalmajor global concern is typified by the events of September 11, 2001. Thatseries of catastrophes emphasized the dangers of dependence and involvement ofoil-addicted western nations with unstable fundamentalist cultures that haveaccess to the world information utility, large amounts of capital, and materialsthat can be put to destructive use.The expanding market for renewables has nowbecome large enough so that it has begun to impinge on the market shares ofconventional power generation technologies such as coal- and gas-fired powerplants, diesel generators, and large hydropower. Nuclear is dying because of itscosts, insoluble waste problems and the terrorism threat.

This study wasperformed to identify and quantify the driving factors in markets for smallhydro and OEC technologies, the key players, the technologies, the economics andthe market potential of these new and established industries.This report is thethird in a series of BCC Research reports that examine the level of potentialdeployment of bulk renewable energy sources with what can be realized in thenear- to mid-term.

This shift to renewables is altering the flow of money fromestablished power production industries to alternative sources of energy. Someof the technologies, like small hydro, are no longer alternatives. They aremainstream. The generator technologies used in small hydro facilities arefinding their way into OEC installation, while tidal stream generators are beingtested in rivers.

For OEC technologies, answers were sought as to the pace ofthe shift from development to mainstream, its magnitude, where it is happening,and the implications for the fiscal evolution of the various technologiesexamined.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

The analyses contained in this report were garnered from primary sources thatinclude manufacturers, inventors, utility representatives, vendors, end users,government regulators and researchers, financial institutions, and venturecapitalists. Secondary sources that were examined include financial reports,printed and electronic news releases, magazine articles, newsletters, technicaland topical books, and trade publications. Extensive use was made of existingBCC Research data files and publications, and the World Wide Web.This report andits analysis are of interest to manufacturers of equipment and balance of plantcomponents, project developers, equipment integrators, distributors,contractors, government legislators and regulators, funding and energy agencies,international development banks and agencies, investment bankers andunderwriters, venture capitalists, corporations, municipal governments,utilities, carbon traders, green power vendors, and national and state cleanenergy fund administrators.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

The scope of this study encompasses small hydroelectric facilities and oceanenergy conversion (OEC) technologies (ocean current, thermal, tidal, tidalcurrent, and wave).BCC analyzes each technology, determines its current marketstatus and readiness for market, examines its impact on future markets, andpresents forecasts of market evolution through 2008. Assessments are made interms of the installed and future installed capacities and annual projectrevenues. Where appropriate, markets are examined on the basis of geographicdistribution.

The emerging variety of wave and tidal energy conversion devicesis explored, and the market potential for each is assessed. Attention is givento the overlap in application for the new class of underwater kinetic energyconversion technologies, the freestream hydroturbine. Market assessments aremade for both freshwater and ocean market penetration for these devices.

Smallhydro markets are investigated in terms of the annual new capacity and projectrevenues (on a geographic basis) for this well-established technology.

Attentionis devoted to factors such as Green Power programs, green tags/certificates,Social Benefit Charges, Clean Energy Funds, Renewable Portfolio Standards, theU.K. Renewables Obligation, the Kyoto Protocol and the Clean DevelopmentMechanism, the Prototype Carbon Fund, environmental concerns and mandates,zoning issues, permitting, and cost comparisons.BCC analyzes the industry on aworldwide basis, from the perspectives of manufacturing, product and marketevolution, government incentive programs, mandatory green energy purchases, andmarket readiness or maturity. We examine legislative and regulatory supportprograms for renewable energy, with discussion of their pertinence for smallhydro and ocean energy conversion systems (OECS).The report evaluates the marketopportunities for renewables in terms of the regulatory practices of nations,provinces, and states, international agreements, the financial incentives andbarriers to uptake of the various technologies, and the capability of a givenregion to utilize the various technologies.

The world resource for small hydroand ocean energy is estimated, as is the extent that resources can be tapped ona mass basis and where. The suitability of the technologies for various regionsis examined and motivations for selection of particular technologies arediscussed.This report is laid out to provide an overview of the world renewableenergy bulk power market, then assess the relative contribution of small hydroand ocean energy systems within the international, national, and stateframeworks that are pertinent to market development or hindrance.

An attemptis made to characterize the fiscal, environmental and political forces shapingthe world market for renewables technologies. Separate sections are thenprovided that delineate the world, regional and national, and local (in asgranular a representation as is feasible or seems appropriate) markets for eachof the technologies covered in this report. Each technology is considered forits functional aspects, fit to the application and location, costs, maintenance,market position and prospects, and the manufacturers' ability to conceive,develop, finance, execute and operate commercial projects.

Some speculationwas made with regard to OEC technologies, since their stage of development(outside of a few notable exceptions) has thus far limited them to demonstrationprojects. All markets are examined in terms of the growth or decline ofinstalled capacity and expected revenues within the forecast interval covered inthis report (through 2008).

METHODOLOGY

BCC analyzed the small hydro and OEC generating capacity shipped through 2003and expected to be shipped by the end of 2008. A number of forecasts were alsodeveloped for freestream hydroturbines, a crossover technology used for bothrun-of-the-river and tidal current power generation. Our estimated value is theproject revenue in 2003 dollars and, where appropriate, in terms of annual newprojects, annual new capacity, cumulative capacity (megawatts) and annualrevenue.

Market forecasts were developed according to the realm of technologyand the state, province, nation, and region being discussed.

Variousassumptions were made for unit capacity. The underlying rationales for theassumptions are provided with the relevant market forecasts.Forecasts weregenerated on the basis of unit counts by various international and nationalgovernment agencies, market sector associations, and financial reports and pressreleases by manufacturers. Consideration was also given to funding programs byinternational, national and local funding agencies, as well as governmentpolicies toward the development of certain renewable energy technology sectors.

Extensiveefforts were made to assess the real world support mechanisms for each of thetechnologies examined, as well as the developable portion of the global andlocal resources.

Revenues were calculated according to historical averagecosts in a given country. For small hydro, the predominance of new or renovationprojects was taken into consideration when generating revenue forecasts.

Carewas taken to understand the impacts of international agreements and nationallaws and subsidies that support deployment and growth in the markets forrenewable energy in general and for the specific technologies examined.

INFORMATION SOURCES

BCC surveyed numerous companies, consultants, and government branches toobtain data and background information for this study. Included weremanufacturers of small hydroelectric generators and total systems, plusdevelopers of ocean current, ocean thermal, tidal current, tidal and wave energyconversion devices.

Conversations were also held with green power marketers,permitting specialists, project developers, project engineering firms,government regulators and researchers, bankers, venture capitalists and utilityrepresentatives.

In addition, data was compiled from financial and tradeinformation, government sources and technical societies. Extensive use was madeof World Wide Web sources in order to develop a comprehensive, quantitative viewof world markets in as efficient a manner as possible.

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
SCOPE AND FORMAT
METHODOLOGY
INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES
INTERNET

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SMALL HYDRO MARKETS: NEW, RENOVATIONS, MODIFICATIONS
OCEAN ENERGY CONVERSION APPROACHING COMMERCIAL VIABILITY
SUMMARY FORECAST FOR THE WORLD SMALL HYDRO AND OCEAN ENERGY CAPACITYMARKETS

Summary Table:
WORLD SMALL HYDRO AND OCEAN ENERGY CAPACITY MARKETS, THROUGH 2008 (MW, $MILLIONS)
Summary Figure:
PERCENTAGE SHARES OF SMALL HYDROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES MARKETIN 2008 (%)

OVERVIEW

CONVENTIONAL VS. RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER PRODUCTION

Table 1 WORLD POWER PRODUCTION CAPACITY (ALL SOURCES), THROUGH 2008
Table 2 GLOBAL GENERATING CAPACITY SHARE BY TECHNOLOGY, 2002
Figure 1 WORLD GENERATION CAPACITY SHARE BY TECHNOLOGY 2002
Table 3 AVERAGE COST OF ELECTRICITY FROM CONVENTIONAL AND RENEWABLE ENERGYTECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2008 ($/KWH)
Table 4 EXTERNAL COSTS OF MAJOR BULK POWER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
Table 5 GLOBAL GENERATING CAPACITY SHARE, 2003 (GW)
Figure 2 RENEWABLES PERCENTAGE SHARE OF WORLD GENERATING CAPACITY,2003-2008 (%)

RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRIES STATUS BY COUNTRY

RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRIES STATUS BY COUNTRY
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN AUSTRALIA AND NEWZEALAND
- AUSTRALIA RENEWABLES INDUSTRY STATUS
- NEW ZEALAND RENEWABLES INDUSTRY STATUS
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN CANADA
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY ...(CONTINUED)
- THE EUROPEAN UNION RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN AUSTRIA

Table 6 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN AUSTRIA AS A RESULTOF THE RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD, THROUGH 2008
Table 7 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN ITALY, THROUGH 2008
Table 8 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION IN THE U.K. AS A RESULT OF THERENEWABLES OBLIGATION, THROUGH 2008
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN CENTRAL ASIA
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN INDIA
Table 9 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN INDIA, THROUGH 2008
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE NEAR EAST
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ISRAEL
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN TURKEY
  - STATUS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN OTHER NEAR EAST COUNTRIES
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN NORTH AFRICA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN PACIFIC RIM NATIONS
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN CHINA
Table 10 RENEWABLE PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN CHINA, THROUGH 2008
Table 11 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN JAPAN, THROUGH2008
Table 12 JAPANESE KYOTO-RELATED GOALS FOR NEW ENERGY CAPACITY GROWTH INJAPAN, THROUGH 2010
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
  - CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROSPECTS FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN INDONESIA
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN MALAYSIA
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THAILAND
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN VIETNAM
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SWITZERLAND
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE UNITED STATES
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY...(CONTINUED)
Table 13 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN THE U.S., THROUGH2008
Table 14 RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS, BY STATE
Table 14 (CONTINUED)

WORLD SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKETS

SMALL HYDRO TECHNOLOGIES
- SMALL HYDRO ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN
- SMALL HYDROELECTRIC GRAVITY-BASED TECHNOLOGIES
- FREESTREAM HYDROTURBINES APPROACHING MARKET READINESS
- THE HYDRO RESOURCE
- SITING SMALL HYDRO FACILITIES
- THE FINANCIALS OF SMALL HYDRO FACILITIES
WORLD SMALL HYDRO AND OCEAN ENERGY CAPACITY MARKET

Table 15 WORLD SMALL HYDRO AND OCEAN ENERGY CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Figure 3 WORLD SMALL HYDRO AND OCEAN ENERGY CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008(MW)
Table 16 WORLD SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET: SMALL HYDRO PROJECTS BYREGION, THROUGH 2008 (NUMBER OF PROJECTS)
Figure 4 WORLD SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET: SMALL HYDRO PROJECTS BYREGION, 2002-2008 (NUMBER OF PROJECTS)
Table 17 WORLD SMALL HYDRO ANNUAL NEW CAPACITY: SMALL HYDRO AND FREESTREAMHYDRO TURBINE PROJECTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 (MW)
Figure 5 WORLD SMALL HYDRO ANNUAL NEW CAPACITY: SMALL HYDRO AND FREESTREAMHYDRO TURBINE PROJECTS BY REGION, 2002-2008
Table 18 WORLD SMALL HYDRO CUMULATIVE CAPACITY: SMALL HYDRO AND FREESTREAMHYDRO TURBINE PROJECTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 (MW)
Table 18 (CONTINUED)
Figure 6 WORLD SMALL HYDRO CUMULATIVE CAPACITY: SMALL HYDRO AND FREESTREAMHYDRO TURBINE PROJECTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 (MW)
Table 19 WORLD SMALL HYDRO ANNUAL PROJECT REVENUES: SMALL HYDRO ANDFREESTREAM HYDRO TURBINE PROJECTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 7 WORLD SMALL HYDRO ANNUAL PROJECT REVENUES: SMALL HYDRO ANDFREESTREAM HYDRO TURBINE PROJECTS BY REGION, 2002-2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET
  - AUSTRALIA SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET
Table 20 SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY IN AUSTRALIA BY STATE, 2002
Table 21 AUSTRALIA SMALL HYDRO GENERATING CAPACITY FORECAST, THROUGH 2008
Table 22 NEW ZEALAND NORTH ISLAND SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY, THROUGH 2008
Table 23 NEW ZEALAND SOUTH ISLAND SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY, THROUGH 2008
Table 24 NEW ZEALAND AGGREGATE SMALL HYDRO GENERATING CAPACITY, THROUGH2008
- CANADA SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRY IN CANADA
Table 25 CANADA SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
- EASTERN EUROPE SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - EASTERN EUROPE SMALL HYDRO ...(CONTINUED)
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN EASTERN EUROPE
Table 26 EASTERN EUROPE SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 27 BELARUS SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 28 BULGARIA SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 29 CROATIAN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 30 CZECH REPUBLIC SMALL HYDRO FACILITIES BEING PRIVATIZED
Table 30 (CONTINUED)
Table 31 CZECH REPUBLIC SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 32 ESTONIAN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 33 LITHUANIAN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 34 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN POLAND AS A RESULTOF THE RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD, THROUGH 2008
Table 35 POLAND SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 36 ROMANIA SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 37 SLOVAKIA SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 38 SLOVENIA SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
- WESTERN EUROPE SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - THE IMPACT OF DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC (THE WATER DIRECTIVE)
Table 39 EUROPEAN UNION (AND SWITZERLAND) SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET,THROUGH 2008
Table 40 AUSTRIA SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 41 FRENCH SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 42 GERMAN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 43 LOCATION AND CAPACITIES OF CURRENT GREEK SMALL HYDRO FACILITIES,2003
Table 44 GREECE SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 45 IRISH SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 46 ITALY SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 47 THE NETHERLANDS SMALL AND MINI HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH2008
Table 48 NORWAY SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008 (PLANTS 100 KWTO 1 MW CAPACITY)
Table 49 PORTUGAL SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 50 SCOTLAND SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 51 SPANISH SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 52 SWEDEN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 53 SWISS SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 54 UNITED KINGDOM SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
- LATIN AMERICA'S SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - THE PRIMITIVE EARTH OF NORTHWEST SOUTH AMERICA
  - A HOST OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCING SCHEMES AVAILABLE FOR LATINAMERICAN PROJECTS
  - CARBON FUNDS MAY DRIVE THE LATIN AMERICAN SMALL HYDRO MARKET
  - FORECAST FOR THE LATIN AMERICAN SMALL HYDRO MARKET
Table 55 LATIN AMERICA SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET: WATER TURBINES ANDFREESTREAM HYDROTURBINES, THROUGH 2008
Table 56 BRAZILIAN SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET: WATER TURBINES ANDFREESTREAM HYDROTURBINES, THROUGH 2008
Table 56 (CONTINUED)
Table 57 MEXICAN SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 58 LATIN AMERICA SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET OUTSIDE OF BRAZIL ANDMEXICO, THROUGH 2008
- CENTRAL ASIA SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - INDIA'S SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET
Table 59 INDIAN GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES FOR SMALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT
Table 60 INDIA SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 61 POTENTIAL SMALL HYDRO SITES AND CAPACITIES IN BANGLADESH
- NEAR EAST SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET
Table 62 NEAR EAST SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 63 ARMENIA SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 64 TURKEY SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2008
- PACIFIC RIM SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - FORECAST FOR THE PACIFIC RIM SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET
Table 65 PACIFIC RIM SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET: WATER TURBINES ANDFREESTREAM HYDROTURBINES, THROUGH 2008
Table 66 PROVINCIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY IN CHINA, 2000
Table 67 CHINA SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 68 JAPAN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 69 PHILIPPINES SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
- SOUTHEAST ASIA SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET
Table 70 SOUTHEAST ASIA SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 71 CAMBODIAN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 72 INDONESIAN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 73 LAOTIAN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 74 MALAYSIAN SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 75 THAILAND SMALL HYDRO CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2008
Table 76 VIETNAM SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET: WATER TURBINES ANDFREESTREAM HYDROTURBINES, THROUGH 2008
- SUB SAHARAN AFRICA SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET
- UNITED STATES SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - SMALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE U.S.
  - WINNOWING OUT THE BEST SITES FOR SMALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT IN THEU.S.
Table 77 NUMBER AND CAPACITY OF EXISTING HYDROELECTRIC DAMS AND POTENTIALDAMS BY STATE, 1998
Table 77 (CONTINUED)
Table 78 STATES RANKED BY THE NUMBER OF NONELECTRIFIED DAMS, 1998
Table 79 AVERAGE ELECTRIC RATES BY STATE, 2002
Table 80 STATES WITH THE HIGHEST ELECTRIC RATES AND RENEWABLE PORTFOLIOSTANDARD, RANKED BY THE NUMBER OF SMALL HYDRO OPPORTUNITIES
Table 80 (CONTINUED)
Table 81 UNITED STATES SMALL HYDRO EQUIPMENT MARKET: WATER TURBINES ANDFREESTREAM HYDROTURBINES, THROUGH 2008
- HYDROPOWER ASSOCIATIONS
  - BRITISH HYDROPOWER ASSOCIATION
  - CANADIAN DAM ASSOCIATION
  - CANADIAN HYDROPOWER ASSOCIATION
  - INTERNATIONAL NETWORK ON SMALL HYDRO POWER (IN-SHP)
  - LOW IMPACT HYDROPOWER INSTITUTE
  - NATIONAL HYDROPOWER ASSOCIATION
  - U.S. HYDROPOWER COUNCIL FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
  - UNITED STATES SOCIETY ON DAMS

WORLD OCEAN ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKETS

WORLD OCEAN ENERGY CONVERSION ...MARKETS
OCEAN ENERGY CONVERSON TECHNOLOGIES
- BASELOAD VS. INTERMITTENT AVAILABILITY
- THE OFFSHORE PERMITTING QUAGMIRE
- OCEAN ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT GEOGRAPHIC CONSTRAINTS
- MOTIVATIONS FOR TURNING TO THE OCEAN FOR ENERGY
- INVESTOR ISSUES FOR OCEAN ENERGY DEVELOPERS
- UNCERTAINTIES FACED BY INVESTORS IN OEC TECHNOLOGIES
- WORLD MARKET FOR OCEAN ENERGY CONVERSION CAPACITY THROUGH 2008

Table 82 WORLD MARKET FOR OCEAN ENERGY CONVERSION CAPACITY AND REVENUE,THROUGH 2008
- OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OCEAN CURRENTS
  - GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF THE MAJOR NEARSHORE OCEAN CURRENTS
Table 83 MAJOR NEARSHORE CURRENTS OF THE WORLD: WIDTH, DEPTH AND VELOCITY
Table 83 (CONTINUED)
Table 84 WORLD MARKET FOR OCEAN CURRENT POWER GENERATION CAPACITY, THROUGH2008
Figure 8 WORLD MARKET FOR OCEAN CURRENT POWER GENERATION, ANNUAL REVENUES,2004-2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION MARKETS
  - OTEC HISTORY
  - GEOGRAPHIC ZONES OF SUFFICIENT TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES
  - WORLD OTEC MARKETS
Table 85 WORLD MARKET FOR OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION CAPACITY,THROUGH 2008
Figure 9 WORLD MARKET FOR OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION, ANNUALREVENUES, 2003-2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- TIDAL CURRENT ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - THE TIDAL CURRENT RESOURCE
  - CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIDALCURRENT ENERGY RESOURCE
  - OUT OF SIGHT, OUT OF MIND
  - TIDAL CURRENT ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
  - TIDAL CURRENT ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - TIDAL CURRENT ENERGY CONVERSION CAPACITY FORECAST
Table 86 WORLD MARKET FOR TIDAL CURRENT ENERGY CONVERSION CAPACITY THROUGH2008
Figure 10 WORLD MARKET FOR TIDAL CURRENT ENERGY CONVERSION, ANNUALREVENUES, 2003-2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- TIDAL ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - OCEAN TIDAL ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
  - ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS WITH TIDAL ENERGY PLANTS
  - GEOGRAPHIC PROSPECTS FOR TIDAL ENERGY CONVERSION
  - FORECAST OF THE WORLD MARKET FOR TIDAL ENERGY CONVERSION CAPACITY
Table 87 WORLD MARKET FOR TIDAL ENERGY CONVERSION CAPACITY, THROUGH 2008
Figure 11 WORLD MARKET FOR TIDAL ENERGY CONVERSION, ANNNUAL REVENUES,2004-2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - THE OCEAN WAVE ENERGY RESOURCE
  - WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES
  - WORLD WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY MARKET
Table 88 WORLD MARKET FOR WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION CAPACITY, THROUGH 2008
Figure 12 WORLD MARKET FOR WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION, ANNUAL REVENUES,2003-2008 ($ MILLIONS)

APPENDIX

RENEWABLES MARKET IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL WARMING AND THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
- CDM AND JI CONTRIBUTIONS BEING DEBATED

Table 89 CARBON OFFSETS POTENTIAL FROM THE MAJOR RENEWABLE ENERGYTECHNOLOGIES

World Markets for Small Hydro and Ocean Energy Conversion Equipment

Publisher: Business Communications Co., Inc.

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World Markets for Small Hydro and Ocean Energy Conversion Equipment

SUMMARY

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

SCOPE AND FORMAT

METHODOLOGY

INFORMATION SOURCES

TABLE OF CONTENTS