PORTABLE POWER DEVICES: INDUSTRY REVIEW AND MARKET PROJECTIONS

SUMMARY

REPORT HIGHLIGHTS The global market for premium portable power will rise at an average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 7.2%, from $4.4 billion in 2004 to $6.3 billion in 2009. Lithium-ion/polymer dominates this market with a 98% share. This will slip somewhat to 94% in 2009. Hydrogen fuel cells are expected to feature very strong growth, rising at an AAGR of 25.4% to $385 million in 2009. Zinc-air cells are a small $12 million market that is expected to reach $26 million in 2009.

Summary Global Value of Premium Portable Power Sources, by Type, 2000-2009 ($ Millions) Source: BCC, Inc.

INTRODUCTION

The once dominant position of alkaline batteries and nickel?cadmium (NiCad) batteries and some tentative uses of nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries has given way to lithium?ion battery technology. The inherent higher energy density of small fuel cells in comparison to batteries, however, could lead to longer operational time and serve the power demands of next-generation portable electronics. Unsurprisingly, this has led many device manufacturers to examine the technology potential of fuel cells.

For small portable fuel cells to succeed in the market place, the technology must, in most cases, displace batteries or solar panels or succeed in niches that these power sources presently do not fill on a performance basis. Nevertheless, not all the needs for satisfactory portable power have been met. Applications for ever increasing sophisticated portable devices grow yearly.

This BCC business review focuses on evolving battery and fuel cell power sources for supplying premiumpower for portable devices. It identifies both the opportunities and the deficiencies of premium power sources and further identifies the most likely, and concurrently the most appropriate, technologies for advanced portable devices. The total increase in the number of companies showing an involvement in this market sector is an indicator of the intense global interest and activity in the premium power source arena.

SCOPE OF STUDY

The document contains:

• An overview of premium power sources defined as fuel cells, rechargeable lithium batteries and metal?air fuel cells
• An examination of these three premium power sources and the one-watt to 150-watt market they compete for
• An overview of the manufacturers of portable fuel cells and secondary lithium batteries
• Discussion of current technology and technology trends
• Profiles of market leaders in these areas.

METHODOLOGY

Research for this business review included an in-depth analysis of technical and business literature, a well as a review of the history of the technology. Interviews with industry experts, company representatives, federal government researchers, and university scientists provided the basis for an assessment of the outlook for fuel cell applications. Secondary sources of information included product literature from fuel cell system suppliers, and numerous scientific references, patent searches, and BCCs Fuel Cell Technology News, Battery and EV Technology News, and Membrane & Separation Technology News.

Projections are in terms of constant dollars. Historical values are for the year given. Estimates of the fuel cell areas installed in particular application areas were obtained either from surveys done or from estimates of those knowledgeable in the industry. Values that are given for these processes are generally based on the best estimates from those involved in thecommercialization of the technology. A primary focus is to seek out all of the companies engaged in or that hope to be engaged in the use of advanced batteries or fuel cells for portable power. Where precise information was not available, a consensus was made using a formulation of reasonable assumptions and estimates based on a baseline obtained from historical data.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• REASONS FOR DOING STUDY
• CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
• SCOPE AND FORMAT
• METHODOLOGY
• INFORMATION SOURCES
• RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS
• BCC ON-LINE SERVICES
• DISCLAIMER

• Summary Table:
  SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE OF PREMIUM PORTABLE POWER SOURCES, BY TYPE, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
• Summary Figure:
  SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE OF PREMIUM PORTABLE POWER SOURCES, BY TYPE, 2000-2009 ($ MILLIONS)

• LEGACY
  • LEGACY (CONTINUED)
• DEMOGRAPHICS
• BATTERY IMPROVEMENTS
• VALUE OF TOTAL BATTERY MARKET
• FUNDAMENTALS
• TYPES OF FUEL CELLS FOR PREMIUM PORTABLE POWER
  • BASIC CONCEPTS
    • Performance
    • Construction
  • COST ISSUES
  • FUEL SUPPLIES AND SOURCES
• PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS
  • TECHNOLOGY STATUS
• DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS
  • CROSSOVER REDUCTION
• REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS
• ALKALINE FUEL CELLS
• MOLTEN-CARBONATE FUEL CELLS
• SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
• METAL-AIR FUEL CELLS
  • ZINC-AIR
• SHAPE OF THE GLOBAL FUEL CELL MARKET
• FUEL CELL PORTABLE POWER DEVICES AND MARKET
  • LAPTOP COMPUTERS
• Table 1 GLOBAL LAPTOP COMPUTER UNITS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION UNITS)
• Table 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUEL CELL UNITS FOR LAPTOP COMPUTERS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION UNITS)
• Table 3 GLOBAL VALUE OF FUEL CELLS FOR LAPTOP COMPUTERS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
  • CELLULAR TELEPHONES
• Table 4 GLOBAL CELL PHONE AND RELATED UNITS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION UNITS)
• Table 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUEL CELL UNITS FOR CELLULAR TELEPHONES AND ENHANCED UNITS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION UNITS)
• Table 6 GLOBAL VALUE FOR FUEL CELLS IN CELLULAR TELEPHONES AND ENHANCED UNITS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
  • MILITARY
    • Military (Continued)
    • Systems Devices Market
• Table 7 GLOBAL VALUE ZINC-AIR BATTERIES IN MILITARY SYSTEMS/DEVICES, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Portable Applications Market
• Table 8 GLOBAL VALUE HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS MILITARY PORTABLE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 9 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL VALUE OF FUEL CELLS FOR MILITARY PORTABLE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 10 GLOBAL VALUE PORTABLE COMFORT AND LEISURE POWER DEVICES, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Portable Applications Market (Continued)
• Table 11 GLOBAL VALUE FUEL CELLS IN COMFORT/LEISURE PORTABLE POWER, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
  • OTHER AND EMERGING MARKET SECTORS
    • Entertainment
    • Entertainment (Continued)
    • Personal Digital Assistants
    • Tools
    • Surveillance and Sensors
    • Medical
• Table 12 GLOBAL VALUE OF PORTABLE FUEL CELLS IN OTHER AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

• FUEL CELLS FOR PREMIUM PORTABLE POWER
• ISSUES FOR SMALL AND PORTABLE FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS
  • METHANOL AND COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT REGULATIONS
    • Methanol and Commercial Transport...(Continued)
• COMPONENT LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
  • MICRO-STEAM METHANOL REFORMING
• Table 13 LIQUID FUEL CELL ENERGY COMPARISON
  • INDUSTRY STRUCTURE FOR PORTABLE FUEL CELLS
    • MARKET SHARES
    • INDUSTRY LEADERS
    • TECHNOLOGY LEADERS
    • CONCENTRATION FACTORS
    • DISTRIBUTION FACTORS
  • INDEX AND PROFILES OF PLAYERS IN THE PORTABLE FUEL CELL INDUSTRY
    • 3M
    • 3P-ENERGY GMBH
    • AALBORG UNIVERSITY
    • ADAPTIVE MATERIALS, INC.
    • ADVANCED COUNTERMEASURE (ACM) SYSTEMS
    • ADELAN, LTD
    • THE ALBERTA RESEARCH COUNCIL (ARC)
    • ANGSTROM POWER, INC.
    • #106 - 980 West 1st Street
    • ARCOTRONICS FUEL CELLS
    • AUTOMATISATION VINCENT POIRIER
    • AXANE FUEL CELL SYSTEMS
    • BALL AEROSPACE
    • BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
    • BATTERY AND FUEL CELL RESEARCH CENTER
    • BECKMANN ENGINEERING
    • BEE POWER SYSTEMS
    • BEIJING FUYUAN FUEL CELL GROUP
    • BICWORLD
    • BOLTON INSTITUTE
    • BROWN UNIVERSITY
    • BWT AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
    • FUMA-TECH GMBH
    • CABOT SUPERIOR MICROPOWDERS
    • CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
    • CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
      • Case Western Reserve University (Continued)
    • CASIO
    • CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
    • CREARE ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT
    • DAIDO METAL, LTD/ NEWAVE POWER
    • DAIS-ANALYTIC CORP.
    • DALIAN SUNRISE POWER CO. LTD
    • DELTA ELECTRONICS
    • CEA - NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE LENERGIE
    • DARPA/DSO
    • DCH TECHNOLOGY
    • DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL CORP.
    • DTI ENERGY, INC.
    • EASTMAN KODAK
    • DUPONT FUEL CELL ENTERPRISE
    • EC POWER, INC.
      • EC Power, Inc. (Continued)
    • ELECTROCHEM, INC.
    • ERNST MORITZ ARNDT UNIVERSITY
    • ENER1, INC.
    • ENERGY AND RESOURCES LABORATORIES
    • ENERGY RELATED DEVICES
    • ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER OF THE NETHERLANDS
    • ENERGY VISIONS INC
    • ENGELHARD CORP.
    • E-TEK DIVISION OF DE NORA NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • FIRM GREEN ENERGY, INC.
    • FOAMEX
    • FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS
    • FUJIAN NANPING NANFU BATTERY CO.
    • FUJITSU LABORATORIES LTD.
    • THE GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
    • GILLETTE CO.
    • GINER, INC.
    • H2 ECONOMY
    • HARRIS CORP.
    • HEADWATERS, INC.
    • HELIOCENTRIS ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
    • HEWLETT PACKARD CO.
      • Hewlett Packard Co. (Continued)
    • HITACHI LTD.
    • HITACHI CABLE, LTD.
    • HUANYU POWER SOURCE CO., LTD.
    • HYDROGEN INSTITUTE OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES GMBH
    • HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
    • HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
    • H-TEC WASSERSTOFF-ENERGIE-SYSTEME GMBH
    • ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (IIT)
    • INNOVATIVE CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
    • INTEGRATED FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (IFCT)
    • INTERNATIONAL METHANOL PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS ASSOCIATION (IMPCA)
    • INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
    • INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG
    • INSTITUTE OF CATALYSIS, CSIC
    • INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETRÓLEO
    • INTEL CORP.
    • INTIG
    • ITM POWER LTD.
    • JADOO POWER SYSTEMS
    • JET PROPULSION INSTITUTE
    • KAKEN, INC.
    • KANSAI COLLABORATION
    • KOREA ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
    • KWANGJU INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
    • LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY
    • LILLIPUTIAN SYSTEMS, INC.
    • LYNNTECH, INC.
    • MANHATTAN SCIENTIFICS
    • MASTERFLEX AG
    • MATERIAL & ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TOKYO, LTD.
    • MUSASHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY/MEMBRANE
    • MUSASHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY/CATALYST
    • MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY
    • MEDIS TECHNOLOGIES
      • Medis Technologies (Continued)
    • MESOFUEL
    • MITSUBISHI CORP.
    • MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL CO., INC.
    • MODUCELL, INC.
    • MEDIS TECHNOLOGIES
      • Medis Technologies (Continued)
    • MURORAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
    • NANODYNAMICS ENERGY
    • NANOMATERIALS DISCOVERY CORP.
    • NEAH POWER SYSTEMS
    • NEC CORP.
    • NEDSTACK
    • NISHI NIHON RADIO CO., LTD.
    • NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
    • NTT DOCOMO, INC.
    • NUVANT SYSTEMS
    • OXFORD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, INC.
    • PACIFIC FUEL CELL CORP.
    • PALCAN FUEL CELL CO.
    • PAXITECH
    • PEMEAS FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
    • PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
    • POLYFUEL
      • Polyfuel (Continued)
    • POWERTEK INTERNATIONAL
    • PROTONEX TECHNOLOGY CORP.
    • POWERZYME, INC.
    • POWER & ENERGY
      • Power & Energy (Continued)
    • QINETIQ
    • RAMOT LTD.
    • RELI-ON/AVISTA LABS
    • RENEW POWER/TEKION
      • Renew Power/Tekion (Continued)
    • RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR GREEN TECHNOLOGY OF AIST
    • RITE, KANSAI ELECTRIC POWER, TORAY INDUSTRIES, SHARP & HORIBA
    • RITE & SHARP
    • ROGERS CORP.
    • RÜCKER IBÉRICA
    • SAMSUNG
    • SANDIA LABORATORY
    • SHINANO KENSHI
    • SIEMENS AG
    • SMART FUEL CELL GMBH
      • Smart Fuel Cell GmbH (Continued)
    • SMOTECH BRENNSTOFFZELLEN GMBH
    • SOHGO SECURITY SERVICES CO., LTD.
    • SONY CORP.
    • SRE - SOLUÇÕES RACIONAIS DE ENERGIA, S.A.
    • STANFORD UNIVERSITY
    • ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY
    • STMICROELECTRONICS
    • TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
    • TECHSYS, INC.
    • TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT CLAUSTHAL
    • TEKION SOLUTIONS, INC.
    • TEL-AVIV UNIVERSITY (TAU)
    • THINXXS GMBH
    • TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
    • TOKAI CORP.
    • TOKAI CARBON
    • TONGJI UNIVERSITY
    • TOSHIBA CORP. FUEL CELL SYSTEMS DIVISION
      • Toshiba Corp. Fuel Cell...(Continued)
    • TELEDYNE ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
    • TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
    • TORAY
    • TOYOBO CO., LTD.
    • TULANE UNIVERSITY
    • UBE INDUSTRIES, LTD./TOAGOSEI CO., LTD.
    • UMICORE
    • UNITED DEFENSE
    • U.S. ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY
    • UNITED TECHNOLOGIES FUEL CELLS
    • UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
    • UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
    • UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
    • UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
    • UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
    • UNIVERSITAT STUTTGART LEHRSTUHL
    • UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
    • UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
    • UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
    • TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
    • VENTURE SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL
      • Venture Scientific International (Continued)
    • VIASPACE
    • VOLLER ENERGY
    • W. L. GORE FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
    • YAMAHA MOTOR
    • YUASA CO., LTD.
    • ZENTRUM FÜR SONNENENERGIE UND WASSERSTOFF-FORSCHUNG
• SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE OF PORTABLE FUEL CELLS BY APPLICATION
• Table 14 SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE OF PORTABLE FUEL CELLS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLION)
• Figure 1 SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE OF PORTABLE FUEL CELLS, 2000-2009 ($ MILLION)

• USED LIKE PRIMARY BATTERIES
• METAL-AIR FUEL CELLS VS BATTERIES
• Table 15 PARAMETERS COMPARED FOR SOME BATTERIES AND METAL-AIR FUEL CELLS
  • ZINC-AIR FUEL CELLS
  • OPERATION
    • IMPROVED ANODE STRUCTURE
    • ELECTROCHEMICAL PACK
  • COSTS
    • TECHNOLOGY STATUS
      • PARAMETERS
• Table 16 ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL CHARACTERISTICS
  • ALUMINUM-AIR
  • TECHNOLOGY STATUS
  • COSTS
  • MAGNESIUM-AIR
    • TECHNOLOGY STATUS
      • Improving Performance
  • COSTS
  • STRUCTURE OF THE METAL-AIR FUEL CELL INDUSTRY
• Table 17 SUMMARY STATUS AND APPLICATIONS FOR METAL-AIR FUEL CELL BY COMPANY
  • COMPANY PROFILES
    • ALUMINUM POWER, INC.
    • AROTECH/ELECTRIC FUEL CORP
    • DAILY POWER, LTD.
    • DOO WON INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
    • EVIONYX
    • FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
    • DURACELL, INC.
    • INTERNATIONAL LTD.
    • GP BATTERIES USA
    • GREENVOLT
    • GUANGZHOU TIANQUIE ENTERPRISE CO., LTD.
    • KUMBA BASE METALS
    • MATSUSHITA BATTERY INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
    • METALLIC POWER
    • PANASONIC OEM BATTERY SALES
    • SHENZHEN GAONENGDA BATTERY CO. LTD
    • PC & ASSOCIATES
    • PLESKAVA CO.
    • POWERZINC ELECTRIC, INC.
    • RAYOVAC
    • RENATA BATTERIES
    • SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION & RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.
    • ULTRAGUARD/ MAGPOWER
    • UNIPOWER
    • VOLTEK
    • ZINC MATRIX POWER, INC.
    • ZOXY ENERGY SYSTEMS AG/CHEMTEK
      • Zoxy Energy Systems AG/Chemtek (Continued)
    • ZUHAI ZHI BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • OTHER COMPANIES
    • FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES / ALUPOWER
  • GLOBAL MARKET VALUE FOR METAL-AIR FUEL CELLS
• Table 18 WORLD ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL MARKET, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION $)

• BACKGROUND
• GLOBAL SECONDARY BATTERY PRODUCTION AND MARKET VALUE FOR PORTABLE PRODUCTS
  • GLOBAL SECONDARY BATTERY PRODUCTION
• Table 19 GLOBAL SMALL SECONDARY BATTERY PRODUCTION FOR PORTABLE DEVICES, BY TYPE, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF UNITS)
• Figure 2 GLOBAL SMALL SECONDARY BATTERY PRODUCTION FOR PORTABLE DEVICES, BY TYPE, 2001-2009 (MILLION UNITS)
  • Market Share for Small Secondary Lithium Batteries
  • Leading Regions
  • Leading Companies
• Table 20 COMPANY GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF SMALL SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES BY UNIT PRODUCTION, 2004
• Figure 3 WORLD MARKET SHARES FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY MAKERS FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS, 2004 (%)
  • VALUE GLOBAL SECONDARY BATTERY MARKET FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS
• Table 21 TYPICAL LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PRICES
  • U.S. Market
• Table 22 COMPETITIVE U.S. MARKET FACTORS FOR LITHIUM-ION/POLYMER BATTERIES
• Table 22 (CONTINUED)
  • SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE LITHIUM-ION/POLYMER SECONDARY BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE DEVICES, THROUGH 2009
• Table 23 GLOBAL VALUE OF LITHIUM-ION/POLYMER SECONDARY BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE DEVICES, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 4 GLOBAL VALUE OF LITHIUM-ION/POLYMER SECONDARY BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE DEVICES, 2000-2009 ($ MILLIONS)
  • TECHNOLOGY OF LITHIUM BATTERIES
  • SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION BATTERY CHEMISTRY
    • LITHIUM-ION CHEMISTRY SECONDARY BATTERY TYPES
• Table 24 LITHIUM-ION VS. LITHIIUM-POLYMER CHEMISTRY SECONDARY BATTERY
  • LITHIUM-POLYMER IMPROVEMENTS
  • TECHNIQUE FOR MICROBATTERIES
  • INDEX OF LITHIUM BATTERY MANUFACTURERS FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS
    • 3M BATTERY
    • AEA BATTERY SYSTEMS
    • ABLE NEW ENERGY CO., LTD.
    • AGM BATTERIES LTD.
    • ALEGNA INNOVATIONS, LLC
    • ALLYTEC BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • ANASKA BATTERY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
    • ADVANCED BATTERY MANAGEMENT, LTD.
    • ALLIANT POWER
    • AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY
    • APL TECH BATTERY INDUSTRY SDN BHD.
    • AROTECH/EPSILOR
    • AVESTOR
    • BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY
    • BASF AG
    • BATECH KOREA, INC.
    • BATTERY ENGINEERING, INC.
    • BEYONICS TECHNOLOGY, LTD.
    • BENDER GMBH
    • BETTING INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.
    • BRIDGESTONE CORP.
    • BYD CO., LTD.
    • CALEB TECHNOLOGY CORP.
    • CHINA HYPER BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • C-TECH UNITED CORP.
    • CLESCELL INTERNATIONAL BATTERY CO.
    • CELLINX INDUSTRIES
    • CENTURION WIRELESS COMPONENTS SDN. BHD.
    • CHINA HI-TECH COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC CO., LTD.
    • CYMBET CORP.
    • DAILY POWER BATTERIES, LTD.
    • DAKE BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • DANIONICS A/S
    • DONG YANG R&D CO., LTD.
    • DONGGUAN DAKE BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • DOUGHTY HANSON
    • DOOYOUN CORP.
    • DUAL VOLTAGE CO., LTD.
    • DURACELL INTERNATIONAL
    • DYNA, INC.
    • DYNAMIX COSMO PRIVATE LTD.
    • E-ONE MOLI ENERGY (CANADA) LTD.
    • EEMB BATTERY CO.
    • EAGLE-PICHER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
    • ENER1, INC.
    • ELECTROVAYA, INC.
    • ENERGIZER HOLDINGS, INC.
    • EVERLASTING BATTERY LTD.
    • EXCELLATRON SOLID STATE LLC
    • FDK CORP.
    • FMA DIRECT
    • FMC LITHIUM
    • FRONT EDGE TECHNOLOGY
      • Front Edge Technology (Continued)
    • GD TELECOM INDUSTRIAL CORP.
    • GBP BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • GRAND PROSPERITY CORP.
    • GREAT POWER BATTERY CHINA, LTD.
    • GREEN POWER BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • GREPOW BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • GS-MELCOTEC USA, INC.
    • GLOBTEK, INC.
    • GOLD PEAK INDUSTRIES NORTH AMERICA
      • GP Batteries International Limited
    • GUANGZHOU MARKYN BATTERY CO. LTD.
    • JAPAN STORAGE BATTERY
    • GS-MELCOTEC CO., LTD.
    • HAWKER ETERNACELL/SAFT LTD.
    • HITACHI MAXELL, LTD.
    • HYNERGY POWER CO.
    • HUANYU POWER SOURCE CO., LTD.
    • HYB BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • IBT POWER LTD.
    • IDAHO NATIONAL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY
      • Idaho National Engineering and...(Continued)
    • INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
    • INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
    • INTELLECT BROTHERS, LTD.
    • ION ENERGY
    • IONITY AG
    • ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
      • ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (Continued)
    • INFINITE POWER SOLUTIONS
    • JAPAN STORAGE BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • KODAK
    • KYM ELECTRONICS SDN, BHD.
    • LESEN POWER TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
    • LITHION, INC.
    • LITHIUM TECHNOLOGY CORP.
    • LG CHEM
    • MACRO ENERGY-TECH., INC.
    • MAHA ENERGY CORP.
    • MATSUSHITA BATTERY/PANASONIC
    • MAXELL
    • MICRO POWER ELECTRONICS
    • MOTOROLA
    • NARADA LICOM POWER TECH. CO., LTD.
    • NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER
    • NEC CORP.
    • NEXCON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
    • NGK SPARK PLUG (USA), INC./NTK POWERDEX
    • NRGCELLS
    • OPTODOT CORP.
    • OZARK FLUORINE SPECIALTIES
    • PAG ADVANCED BATTERY MANAGEMENT LTD.
    • PANASONIC/MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
    • PEACEBAY POWER CO.
    • PHILIPS (ROYAL PHILIPS ELECTRONICS)
    • PHOSTECH LITHIUM
    • POLYPLUS BATTERY CO.
    • POLYSTOR CORP.
    • POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
    • PREFERRED POWER TECHNOLOGIES
    • PROGRESSIVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
    • PROPINE BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • OAK RIDGE MICRO-ENERGY, INC.
    • QUALLION, LLC
      • Quallion, LLC (Continued)
    • RENATA
    • RICKBERY INDUSTRIAL, LTD.
    • ROOFER COMMERCE CO., LTD.
    • SAFT
    • SAMSUNG SDI CO., LTD.
    • SANYO ELECTRIC
    • SKC CO., LTD.
    • SONY CORP.
    • SANSA POWER SOURCE CO. LTD.
    • SHENZHEN B&K TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD
    • SHENZHN XIN HAOTHEYI INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
    • SHENZHEN SANSAN INDUSTRIAL CORP.
    • SHENZHEN KETELI TELECOMMUNICATION CO., LTD
    • SHANGHAI SUPERPOWER ELECTRONIC CO., LTD.
    • SHENZHEN GAONENGDA BATTERY CO., LTD
    • SHENZHEN OCEANWIDE BATTERY CO., LTD,
    • SMART BATTERY ENGINEERING SDN. BHD.
    • SOLICORE, INC.
    • SOLID ENERGY GMBH
    • SOUTHWEST ELECTRONICS ENERGY CORP.
    • STONE BATTERY INDUSTRIES
    • TADIRAN, INC. BATTERY DIVISION
    • TIANJIN LISHEN BATTERY JOINT-STOCK CO. LTD.
    • TCL HYPERPOWER
    • TELECORDIA TECHNOLOGIES
    • TIANJIN LISHEN BATTERY JOINT-STOCK CO., LTD.
    • TOSHIBA
    • ULTRALIFE BATTERIES, INC.
    • UNIROSS BATTERIES,
    • U.S. LITHIUM ENERGETICS, LLC
    • VARTA GERÄTEBATTERIE GMBH
    • VALENCE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
    • VITZROCELL CO., LTD.
    • WUHAN LIXING POWER SOURCES CO., LTD.
    • WILSON GREATBATCH LTD.
    • WORLEY AUSTRALIA ENERGY
    • XENO ENERGY
    • XIANYANG PIANZHUAN GROUP CORP.
    • YARDNEY TECHNICAL PRODUCTS, INC.
    • YUNTONG POWER CO., LTD.
    • YEREVAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OPTICAL AND PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS
    • ZHEJIANG WANMA GROUP ELECTRON CO., LTD.
    • ZHONGQIANG POWER-TECH GROUP
    • ZHAOQING FENGHUA LITHIUM BATTERY CO., LTD.
    • ZHONGYIN (NINGBO) BATTERY CO., LTD.
  • OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
    • OTHER DEVELOPMENTS (CONTINUED)

• TECHNOLOGY STATUS SUMMARY OF GLOBAL PORTABLE FUEL CELL COMPANIES
  • TECHNOLOGY STATUS SUMMARY OF ...(CONTINUED)

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table:
SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE OF PREMIUM PORTABLE POWER SOURCES, BY TYPE, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 1 GLOBAL LAPTOP COMPUTER UNITS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION UNITS)

Table 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUEL CELL UNITS FOR LAPTOP COMPUTERS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION UNITS)

Table 3 GLOBAL VALUE OF FUEL CELLS FOR LAPTOP COMPUTERS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 4 GLOBAL CELL PHONE AND RELATED UNITS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION UNITS)

Table 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUEL CELL UNITS FOR CELLULAR TELEPHONES AND ENHANCED UNITS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION UNITS)

Table 6 GLOBAL VALUE FOR FUEL CELLS IN CELLULAR TELEPHONES AND ENHANCED UNITS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 7 GLOBAL VALUE ZINC-AIR BATTERIES IN MILITARY SYSTEMS/DEVICES, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 8 GLOBAL VALUE HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS MILITARY PORTABLE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 9 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL VALUE OF FUEL CELLS FOR MILITARY PORTABLE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 10 GLOBAL VALUE PORTABLE COMFORT AND LEISURE POWER DEVICES, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 11 GLOBAL VALUE FUEL CELLS IN COMFORT/LEISURE PORTABLE POWER, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 12 GLOBAL VALUE OF PORTABLE FUEL CELLS IN OTHER AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 13 LIQUID FUEL CELL ENERGY COMPARISON

Table 14 SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE OF PORTABLE FUEL CELLS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLION)

Table 15 PARAMETERS COMPARED FOR SOME BATTERIES AND METAL-AIR FUEL CELLS

Table 16 ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL CHARACTERISTICS

Table 17 SUMMARY STATUS AND APPLICATIONS FOR METAL-AIR FUEL CELL BY COMPANY

Table 18 WORLD ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL MARKET, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION $)

Table 19 GLOBAL SMALL SECONDARY BATTERY PRODUCTION FOR PORTABLE DEVICES, BY TYPE, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF UNITS)

Table 20 COMPANY GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF SMALL SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES BY UNIT PRODUCTION, 2004

Table 21 TYPICAL LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PRICES

Table 22 COMPETITIVE U.S. MARKET FACTORS FOR LITHIUM-ION/POLYMER BATTERIES

Table 23 GLOBAL VALUE OF LITHIUM-ION/POLYMER SECONDARY BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE DEVICES, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 24 LITHIUM-ION VS. LITHIIUM-POLYMER CHEMISTRY SECONDARY BATTERY  

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure:
SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE OF PREMIUM PORTABLE POWER SOURCES, BY TYPE, 2000-2009 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 1 SUMMARY GLOBAL VALUE OF PORTABLE FUEL CELLS, 2000-2009 ($ MILLION)

Figure 2 GLOBAL SMALL SECONDARY BATTERY PRODUCTION FOR PORTABLE DEVICES, BY TYPE, 2001-2009 (MILLION UNITS)

Figure 3 WORLD MARKET SHARES FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY MAKERS FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS, 2004 (%)

Figure 4 GLOBAL VALUE OF LITHIUM-ION/POLYMER SECONDARY BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE DEVICES, 2000-2009 ($ MILLIONS)