Advanced Protective Gear and Armor

SUMMARY

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Advanced protective clothing and associated gear is an industry that plays a critical role in the protection of firemen, police officers, military personnel, and industrial workers. Concerns for general worker safety, including protection from death and disabling injuries and illnesses, as well as protection from the specific threats of chemicals, biological agents, fire, bullets, and fragmentation particles, result in an entire industry devoted to personal protective equipment and gear. This equipment includes everything from chemical protective garments and suits to firefighters' turnout gear to industrial fire retardant garments to bullet-resistant vests to respirators. Military armor for vehicles and to a greater extent for personnel has become another advanced industry segment.

While this type of protective gear and armor industry has seen a few new standards and regulations, there have been significant revisions and additions to the existing standards for worker protective clothing in the areas of chemical protection, fire protection, and bullet-resistant garments. Viewing what is available to the military, first responders seek to upgrade the protective gear that they have.

SCOPE OF STUDY

This report contains:

• Descriptions of various types of protective gear and armor, their material types and the designers of the products
• The current market status for advanced protective gear and armor in the U.S., and forecasts of growth over the next five years
• An examination of personal protective industry regulations and standards
• Technological issues crucial to the industry.

INFORMATION SOURCES

The material researched and presented in this report is based on information gathered from personal contacts within government agencies, individuals involved in materials and manufacturing, industry consultants, and to some degree, on the authors' personal experience.

Additional data was obtained from reviews of secondary sources, such as trade publications, trade-associated company literature, government documents, and patents. This was done in an effort to supplement the application, market, and trend data gathered from primary sources. All monetary projections presented in this report are reported in constant U.S. dollars.

ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS

Anna Welch Crull, a chemist and long-time private consultant, is experienced in electrochemistry, polymers, membrane materials, and advanced materials. Ms. Crull has worked with BCC, Inc. for 30 years and has authored 100 technical/marketing reports, helped establish 10 technical newsletters, and assisted in numerous special consulting studies for more than 30 corporations and intelligence for the U.S. government. She has worked for the U.S. Army Materials Command on rocket technology, propellants and explosives. She has co-authored several documents with Col. Hooker including an earlier BCC Research report on protective gear and armor. Her specialty is market evaluations and commercialization of new technology. Ms. Crull is a graduate of the School of Engineering, University of Mississippi and holds a Masters Degree in Chemistry from the University of Missouri.

Colonel Dick Hooker (USA, Ret.) was a journalist prior to entering the army as an infantry officer. Col. Hooker spent half of his military career abroad, with European service, three tours in Vietnam, where he commanded an infantry battalion, and then as an intelligence officer and foreign-area specialist with U.S. embassies and military missions in Asia and the Middle East. Col. Hooker was an instructor in the Army's armor school for several years. He has co-authored global studies on water and wastewater global markets, advanced military battery technology, and fuel cell markets in stationary and transportation applications and on protective gear and armor. A private consultant, Hooker has worked with BCC Research for 7 years, specializing in military applications for advanced technologies. He is a graduate of the School of Liberal Arts, University of Mississippi and attended graduate school at the University of Mississippi and the University of Kansas.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
  • STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
  • REASONS FOR THIS STUDY
  • INTENDED AUDIENCE AND CONTRIBUTION OF STUDY
  • SCOPE OF REPORT
  • INFORMATION SOURCES
  • ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS
  • DISCLAIMER
• SUMMARY
  • SUMMARY
    • SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
  • Summary Table:
  • U.S. VALUE OF ADVANCED PROTECTIVE GEAR AND ARMOR, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Summary Figure:
  • U.S. VALUE OF ADVANCED PROTECTIVE GEAR AND ARMOR, 2001-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
• OVERVIEW
  • A BRIEF INDUSTRY LOOK
    • A BRIEF INDUSTRY LOOK (CONTINUED)
  • BACKGROUND
    • THE WAR ON TERROR
      • Military Protective Clothing
      • Domestic Protective Clothing
      • Other Protective Clothing
      • Ballistic Body Armor Standards
    • MARKET DRIVERS
      • KEEPING UP WITH THE THREAT
      • ARMOR PROTECTION
        • Changes in Armor Requirements
          • Changes in Armor Requirements (Continued)
      • FLAME RETARDANCY
      • BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROTECTION
        • Biological and Chemical (Continued)
      • ANCILLARY GEAR
      • ADVANCED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND GEAR: HOW ADVANCED?
    • RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND EVALUATION (RDTE) RESPONSIBILITIES
    • ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
      • DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (DHS)
        • DHS Organization
          • DHS Organization (Continued)
    • NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE (NIJ)
    • NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST)
    • NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH)
    • OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
      • OSHA Standards
        • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132
        • OSHA CFR 29 1910.269
      • DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)
      • ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
    • ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
  • Table 1 GOVERNMENT AND NON-GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INVOLVED IN SETTING PROTECTIVE GEAR STANDARDS
    • NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)
      • National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) FR Garment Standards
        • NFPA 2112
        • NFPA 70E
        • NFPA 1971
      • Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN)
    • AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS/ASTM INTERNATIONAL
      • ASTM Standards
        • ASTM D6413
        • ASTM1506
        • ASTM F1959
        • ASTM F1958
        • ASTM 1891
    • AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)
    • UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES, INC. (UL)
  • ROLE OF STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES AND JURISDICTIONS
• BALLISTIC BODY AND VEHICLE ARMOR
  • HISTORICAL EVOLUTION
  • BODY ARMOR
    • BODY ARMOR CONSTRUCTION
    • NON-MILITARY USE OF BODY ARMOR
    • BODY ARMOR AND POLICE DEATHS
  • Table 2 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS FELONIOUSLY KILLED WITH FIREARMS, POINT OF ENTRY FOR TORSO WOUNDS AND WEARING BODY ARMOR, 1996-2005
    • BODY ARMOR STANDARDS
      • AUTHORITY
      • DEVELOPMENT OF BODY ARMOR
    • MANUFACTURE OF BODY ARMOR
  • Table 3 SUMMARY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE BODY ARMOR STANDARDS
    • 2007 REVISIONS TO NIJ STANDARDS
      • NIJ Requirements
    • BODY ARMOR ACQUISITION PROCESS
    • BODY ARMOR TESTING
  • CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY ARMOR
    • CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT ARMORED VEHICLES
  • MILITARY PROTECTIVE BODY AND VEHICLE ARMOR
    • CONSIDERATIONS IN MILITARY BODY ARMOR DESIGN
  • Table 4 KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR MILITARY BODY ARMOR DESIGN
    • PERSONAL ARMOR SYSTEM FOR GROUND TROOPS (PASGT)
    • RANGER BODY ARMOR (RBA)
  • DESIGN EFFECT OF INSURGENT CAMPAIGN
    • INTERCEPTOR BODY ARMOR SYSTEM
      • Description
    • IMPROVED INTERCEPTOR OTV (IOTV)
  • Figure 1 IMPROVED OUTER TACTICAL VEST
    • COMBAT HELMET
      • Personnel Armor System Ground Troops (PASGT) Helmet
      • Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH)
    • COMBAT EYE PROTECTION
      • NEW STANDARD DESIGN ANSI Z87.1-2003
    • COMBAT GLOVES
    • MILITARY BODY ARMOR INVENTORY
  • Table 5 ARMY BODY ARMOR REQUIREMENTS AS OF FEBRUARY 2007
    • REMAINING PROTECTIVE ISSUES
    • FUTURE BODY ARMOR
    • VEHICLE ARMOR
      • EVOLUTION OF THE ARMORED HMMWV
  • Table 6 M1114 HMMWV SPECIFICATIONS
  • Table 6 (CONTINUED)
    • M1114 Variations
    • M1114 Armor Improvements: The Frag-5 Kit
  • FACTORS DRIVING ARMORED HUMVEE PROCUREMENT
  • THE STRYKER COMBAT VEHICLE
    • Specifications
    • Production History
    • Design
      • Power Pack and Mechanical Features
      • Command, Control, and Targeting
      • Protective Features
      • Slat Armor
      • Mobility Features
      • Variants
      • Combat Performance
      • Performance Criticism
  • THE MINE RESISTANT AMBUSH-PROTECTED (MRAP) VEHICLE
    • Effectiveness
  • LIMITS OF ARMOR
    • LIMITS OF ARMOR (CONTINUED)
• MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION FOR BULLET-RESISTANT GEAR
  • FORWARD
  • FIBERS AND THREAT LEVELS
    • ARAMIDS
    • POLY(PARA-PHENYLENETEREPHTHALAMIDE) [PPTA]
      • Kevlar
        • Kevlar (Continued)
      • Twaron
        • Improved Woven Material
          • Improved Woven (Continued)
      • Spectra GoldFlex
    • ULTRAHIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE)
  • Figure 2 GENERAL STRUCTURE FOR A POLYETHYLENE
    • Spectra Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber
      • Spectra Ultrahigh (Continued)
      • Spectra Shield LCR
      • Spectra Shield Plus
      • Spectra Shield PCR
  • Figure 3 SPECTRA SHIELD COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
    • Spectra Shield Plus PCR
    • Spectra Shield Plus Flex
      • Gel-Spun Polyethylene Yarns
      • Cut-Resistant Polymeric Sheet
      • Woven Ballistic Fabric Laminates
      • DSM Dyneema Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene
        • DSM Dyneema Ultrahigh (Continued)
        • DSM Dyneema Ultrahigh (Continued)
      • Layered Woven Penetration Resistant Fabric
      • Tensylon
  • Figure 4 ETCHED CROSS-SECTION OF TENSYLON FIBER COMPOSITE WEAVE
    • POLYPHENYLENE-2,6-BENZOBISOXAZOLE (PBO)
      • The Rise and Fall of Zylon
      • Armor Holdings and Zylon/ Second Chance
    • M5 POLYMER/ HETEROCYCLIC STRUCTURES
  • Figure 5 STRUCTURE OF M5 POLYMER
    • PROCESS FOR DICARBOXYLATING DIHYDRIC PHENOLS (2,5-DHTA)
  • HYBRIDS AND COMPOSITES
    • DRAGON SKIN
      • Dragon Skin (Continued)
    • FIBERS PLUS METAL COMBINATIONS
      • Fenrir Cloth
      • Superfabric
    • SUPPLEMENTS
      • Knit Spacer Fabric
      • S-2 Glass
    • RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS
      • Rheological Fluids (Continued)
    • BALLISTIC FIBER MANUFACTURERS MARKET SHARE FOR BODY ARMOR
  • Table 7 MARKET SHARE OF TECHNICAL FIBER MANUFACTURERS FOR BODY ARMOR BY COMPANY, U.S. 2006 (%)
    • CERAMIC MATERIALS
      • BORON CARBIDE
      • SILICON CARBIDE
      • INNOVATIONS
    • METALS
      • ALUMINUM ALLOYS
      • STEEL
    • VALUE OF THE BODY AND VEHICLE ARMOR MARKET
  • Table 8 MARKET SHARE OF BODY ARMOR IN U.S. BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2006 (%)
  • Table 9 SUMMARY VALUE U.S. BODY AND VEHICLE ARMOR MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • STRUCTURE OF THE BULLET-RESISTANT AND ARMOR INDUSTRY
  • Table 10 MARKET SHARE ARMOR MANUFACTURERS, 2006 (%)
    • INDEX OF MAJOR BULLET-RESISTANT AND ARMOR SUPPLYING/DESIGN COMPANIES
      • Arotech Corp./MDT Armor
      • ArmorWorks Enterprises, LLC
      • Armor Holdings, Inc./BAE Systems
      • Ceradyne, Inc.
      • Ceramic Protection Corp. (CPC) Canada
      • DHB Industries/Point Blank Body Armor, Inc.
      • DSM Dyneema
      • E.I. DuPont de Nemours
      • Fenrir Industries, Inc.
      • Gehring Textiles, Inc.
      • Honeywell Advanced Fibers and Composites
      • Magellan Systems International, LLC
      • Magnesium Elektrn/RMC
      • Morgan Advanced Ceramics (MAC)
      • Patriot Performance Products, Inc.
      • Pinnacle Armor
      • Rabintex Industries Ltd.
      • Teijin Twaron BV
      • Teijin Twaron BV (Continued)
      • Point Blank Body Armor
    • OTHERS
      • Others (Continued)
• FIRE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
  • FORWARD
  • FIREFIGHTERS AND SAFETY
  • INDUSTRY TERMS
  • Table 11 STANDARD SPECIFIC FABRIC INDEX SUMMARY
    • INDUSTRY TERMS (CONTINUED)
  • 2006 AND 2007 NFPA STANDARDS
  • FIRE FIGHTING ENVIRONMENT
    • ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS WITH FLAME RETARDANT CHEMICALS
  • FLAME RETARDANT POLYMERS FOR FIREFIGHTERS' APPAREL
    • META-ARAMIDS
  • Figure 6 TYPICAL META-ARAMID TYPE STRUCTURE
    • Nomex
  • Table 12 APPLICATIONS FOR META- AND PARA-ARAMIDS
    • Blends
    • DuPont Co-mingled Bundle
    • Nomex Limitedwear
      • TECHNORA
    • TeijinConex
      • MELAMINE BASED
  • Figure 7 STRUCTURAL REPRESENTATION OF MELAMINE
    • Basofil
      • POLYBENZIMADAZOLE (PBI)
  • Table 13 TABCOMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF WOVEN PBI VS NOMEX IIIA AND FLAME RETARDANT COTTON
    • PBI Blend
  • M5 POLYMER
  • P84 POLYIMIDE
  • TREVIRA POLYESTER
  • OXIDIZED POLYACRYLONITRILE (PAN)/CARBON
    • Pyromex
    • Pyron
    • Panox
    • Blends and Hybrids
      • Blends and Hybrids (Continued)
  • Table 14 SOME PROTECTIVE FABRICS COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
  • Table 14 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 14 (CONTINUED)
    • OTHERS
      • Flame Retardant Cotton
      • Polyphenylene-2,6-Benzobisoxazole (PBO)
      • Mixed Retardant Composition
    • STRENGTHENING FIBERS
  • Table 15 LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX OF SELECTED FIBERS
    • COMPOSITE AND BLENDED FIRE RETARDANT YARNS AND FABRICS
      • POLYPHENYLENE-2,6-BENZOBISOXAZOLE (PBO) BLENDS
      • KERMEL BLEND
      • BLENDED COMPOSITIONS WITH MELAMINE AND ARAMID
      • METALLIC HIGH STRENGTH FILAMENTS
    • CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTERS GARMENTS
      • OUTER SHELL
  • Table 16 OUTER SHELL POLYMER MATERIAL MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (%)
    • MOISTURE BARRIERS
      • NFPA Changes
      • Membranes of Polytetraflluoroethylene (PTFE)
      • Membrane of Polyurethane or Polyester
        • Alternatives and Problems
      • Others
      • Moisture Effects on Protective Performance
      • Moisture Barrier Materials Market Share
  • Table 17 MOISTURE BARRIER MATERIAL MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (%)
    • THERMAL BARRIERS
      • Foam
      • Non-wovens and Battings
    • MATERIALS MARKET SHARE
  • Table 18 MARKET SHARE FOR THERMAL BARRIER MATERIALS BY TYPE, 2006 (%)
    • TRIM ELEMENTS
  • MAJOR SECTORS OF FIRE PROTECTIVE APPAREL INDUSTRY
    • STRUCTURAL TURNOUT/ BUNKER GEAR
      • Leaders in Structural Firefighting Apparel
  • Table 19 U.S. MARKET SHARE OF STRUCTURAL FIRE SERVICE GARMENT MANUFACTURERS, 2006 (%)
    • Fire Proximity Suit
      • WILDLANDS FIRE FIGHTING APPAREL
      • INDUSTRY/RACECAR GARMENTS
    • VALUE OF U.S. MARKET FOR FIRE SERVICE GARMENTS
  • Table 20 STRUCTURAL FIRES AND CIVILIAN FIRE DEATH, 2001-2006
    • VALUE OF U.S. MARKET FOR (CONTINUED)
    • FIRE DANGER
    • FUNDING
      • Funding (Continued)
  • Table 21 VALUE OF THE U. S. FIRE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING INDUSTRY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • OTHER FACTORS
  • STRUCTURE OF THE FIRE RETARDANT GARMENT/TECHNICAL FIBER INDUSTRY
    • INDEX OF MAJOR COMPANIES IN THE FIRE RETARDANT GARMENT INDUSTRY
      • Bacou-Dalloz Protective Apparel, Ltd/SPERIAN Protection
      • Bulwark Protective Apparel/VF Imagewear, Inc.
      • Basofil Fibers LLC
      • Chapman Thermal Products, Inc./Chapman Innovations
      • Chief Corp.
      • DuPont Advanced Fibers Systems
      • E. I. DuPont Personal Protection
        • E. I. DuPont (Continued)
      • Fire-Dex, LLC
      • Fyrepel Products Inc./Division of Lakeland Industries
        • Fyrepel Products Inc./(Continued)
      • Globe Manufacturing Co./Cairns Protective Clothing
      • International Textile Group, Inc/SCI /Safety Components Fabric Technologies, Inc./ WL Ross & Co. LLC.
      • Kermel
      • Lion Apparel, Inc.
      • Magellan Systems International LLC
      • Milliken and Co.
      • Morning Pride Manufacturing LLC
      • Newtex Industries, Inc.
      • PBI Performance Products, Inc.
      • Porvair International Limited (PIL Membranes Ltd)
      • Quaker Safety Products Corp.
      • Safeco Manufacturing, Inc./Chieftain Safety Manufacturing, Inc.(legal name)
      • Safedesign Apparel Ltd.
      • SGL Carbon AG
      • TenCate Protective Fabrics USA /Southern Mills, Inc.
        • TenCate Protective /Continued)
        • TenCate Protective /Continued)
      • Stedfast, Inc.
      • Topps Safety Apparel, Inc.
      • Veridian Ltd.
  • Figure 8 VERIDIAN PRICE VS PERFORMANCE FOR FIREFIGHTER ENSEMBLE
    • Westex, Inc.
    • Workrite Uniform Co.
    • W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
    • Zoltek Companies, Inc.
  • OTHERS
• CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
  • BACKGROUND
    • BACKGROUND (CONTINUED)
  • PROTECTION LEVELS DEFINED
    • PROTECTION LEVELS DEFINED (CONTINUED)
    • OTHER INFORMATION SOURCES
  • PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT GUIDES
    • CRITICAL INCIDENT TECHNOLOGIES
  • INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
  • Table 22 TYPES OF CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENTS
    • OCCUPATIONS NEEDING CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL GEAR
  • Table 23 OCCUPATIONS THAT MAY NEED CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
  • Table 23 (CONTINUED)
    • EXPLANATION OF TERMS
      • PROCEDURES
    • NON-WOVEN MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL GARMENTS
  • Table 24 LEADING MATERIALS USED IN CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, BY BRAND
    • POLYOLEFINS
      • Tyvek Products
      • Tychem Products
        • Tychem Products (Continued)
      • Tychem BR
      • Responder CSM Level A
        • CPF Materials
      • Microforce SMS
    • STRETCHABLE CHEMICAL VAPOR PROTECTIVE GARMENT
    • POLYAMINE POLYMER
    • COMBINATION MATERIALS
    • HYBRID MICROPOROUS MEMBRANES
  • OTHER CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE MATERIALS
  • Table 25 OTHER CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
  • Table 25 (CONTINUED)
    • PEPGEL
    • ELECTROSPUN MEMBRANE-LIKE MATERIALS
      • Donaldson Co., Inc. Approach
    • POLYMERS FOR CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENTS
      • Polymers for Chemical/Biological(Continued)
    • IMPROVEMENTS IN BARRIER PROPERTIES
    • SPECIAL CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING FOR THE MILITARY
      • SPECIAL CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL(CONTINUED)
      • SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MATERIALS
    • BIOCIDAL ACTIVITY IN SELF-DECONTAMINATING PERMSELECTIVE MEMBRANES
    • UNADDRESSED NEEDS AND MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
      • STRATEGIC PLAN FOR PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
      • DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
      • SHELF LIFE
    • MARKET SHARE OF COMPANIES IN THE CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENT INDUSTRY
  • Table 26 MARKET SHARE FOR U.S. CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENTS, BY COMPANY, 2006 (%)
    • VALUE OF CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENTS
      • DRIVING FORCES
  • Table 27 U.S. VALUE OF CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • Driving Forces (Continued)
  • CONTRIBUTIONS TO GROWTH FROM CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES
    • Contributions to Growth from(Continued)
    • Factors Restraining Larger Growth in the Chemical/Biological Protective Garment Sector
  • INDEX OF CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENT SUPPLIERS
    • 3M
    • Blücher GmbH
    • Donaldson, Co., Inc.
    • E. I. DuPont Personal Protection
      • E. I. DuPont (Continued)
    • eSPIN Technologies, Inc.
    • Fire-Dex, LLC
    • Gentex Corp.
    • Globe Manufacturing Co. LLC
    • Innotex
    • Kimberly-Clark Corp.
    • Nano-Tex
    • North Safety/Norcross Safety Products Llc
    • Polymer Group, Inc. (Pgi)
    • Stedfast, Inc.
    • Others
      • Others (Continued)
• ANCILLARY PROTECTIVE GEAR: RESPIRATORS, GLOVES, HEAD, PROTECTION
  • BACKGROUND
    • NBC PROTECTION
  • PROTECTIVE RESPIRATORS AND LEVELS OF PROTECTION
    • RESPIRATOR ASSESSMENT
      • Non-Use in Wildland Fire Fighting
      • Use by Firefighters
    • OSHA REGULATIONS
    • EVALUATIONS
  • Table 28 INFORMATION REQUIRED BY OSHA EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE
    • NIOSH CERTIFICATION
  • Table 29 NIOSH LOGIC FOR SELECTION OF PROPER RESPIRATOR
    • SELECTION OF RESPIRATOR TYPE
      • Workplace Conditions and Respirator Choice
    • PROCEDURES FOR USE OF RESPIRATORS
      • IDENTIFICATION OF FILTERS, CARTRIDGES, AND CANISTERS
      • RESPIRATOR TESTING
    • ATMOSPHERE SUPPLYING RESPIRATORS
      • MARKET SHARE ATMOSPHERE SUPPLYING RESPIRATORS
  • Table 30 U.S. MARKET SHARES OF ATMOSPHERE SUPPLYING RESPIRATOR MANUFACTURERS, 2006 (%)
  • Table 31 TYPES OF RESPIRATOR FACEPIECES
    • SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA)
    • AIR SUPPLIED RESPIRATORS
    • COMBINATION RESPIRATORS
  • AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS
    • MARKET SHARE FOR AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS
  • Table 32 ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET SHARE FOR PROTECTIVE AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS BY COMPANY, 2006 (%)
    • PARTICULATE FILTERS
    • VAPOR-AND-GAS REMOVING RESPIRATORS
    • COMBINATION RESPIRATORS
    • IMPROVED DESIGNS
      • Improved Designs (Continued)
    • NBC/CBR FILTERS
      • CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL DECONTAMINATION AIR FILTER
        • Chemical/Biological (Continued)
        • ASZM-TEDA Carbon
  • Figure 9 DEFENDAIR ESCAPE HOOD FOR CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL AGENT PROTECTION
    • THE RESPIRATOR INDUSTRY
      • INDEX OF MAJOR RESPIRATOR COMPANIES
        • 3M Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division
          • Aearo Corp.
        • Bacou-Dalloz
        • Bullard Company
        • Calgon Carbon Corp./Barnebey Sutcliffe
        • Donaldson Co., Inc.
        • Enmet Corp.
        • General Rubber & Plastics, Inc.
        • Hot Shield USA
        • Martech Services Co.
        • MSA/Mine Safety Appliance Co.
        • North Safety Products U.S.A.
        • Safetytech International, Inc.
        • Scott Health and Safety/Tyco
          • Scott Health and Safety/Tyco (Continued)
        • TVI Corp.
      • OTHER COMPANIES
    • MARKET VALUE OF RESPIRATORS
  • Table 33 VALUE U.S. RESPIRATOR MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • MARKET VALUE OF (CONTINUED)
    • SIGNIFICANCE IN PROTECTIVE GEAR INDUSTRY
  • PROTECTIVE GLOVES
    • INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL-PROTECTIVE GLOVE CLASSIFICATION
  • FIRE FIGHTING GLOVES
  • CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GLOVES
    • POTENTIAL SHORTCOMINGS WITH GLOVE MATERIALS
  • Table 34 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL LISTED GLOVE MATERIALS
    • NATURAL RUBBER AND LATEX
    • NEOPRENE
    • NITRILE RUBBER
    • BUTYL RUBBER
    • POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
    • FLUOROELASTOMERS
    • POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
      • TRACKING MANUFACTURERS
    • COMPETITION FROM OVERSEAS MANUFACTURERS
      • GLOVE MAKING TECHNIQUES
      • VALUE OF PROTECTIVE GLOVES
  • Table 35 VALUE U.S. PROTECTIVE GLOVES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • STRUCTURE OF PROTECTIVE GLOVE MARKET
  • Table 36 CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GLOVE MARKET LEADERS BY MARKET SHARE, 2006
    • MILITARY COMBAT GLOVES
  • INDEX OF MAJOR PROTECTIVE GLOVE MANUFACTURERS
    • ANSELL HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS LLC
    • BACOU-DALLOZ/SPERIAN PROTECTION
    • BEST MANUFACTURING CO.
    • DAMASCUS PROTECTIVE GEAR
    • DUPONT (FORMERLY DUPONT DOW ELASTOMERS)
    • HEXARMOR
    • LAKELAND INDUSTRIES, INC.
    • MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO./MSA
    • MCR SAFETY
    • MICROFLEX CORP/BARRIERSAFE SOLUTIONS
    • NORTH SAFETY PRODUCTS
    • PROTECTIVE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS (PIP)
    • WARWICK MILLS
    • WILSHIRE TECHNOLOGIES
    • OTHERS
  • PROTECTIVE HEAD GEAR
    • BACKGROUND
    • HARDHATS
      • Hardhats (Continued)
    • OSHA REGULATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL HARD HATS
    • ANSI Z89.1-1986 STANDARD
      • ANSI Z89.1-1986 STANDARD (CONTINUED)
    • FIREFIGHTER HEAD PROTECTION
      • HELMETS AND SYSTEM COMPONENTS
        • Helmets and System (Continued)
        • Eye Protection
        • Optional Accessories
        • Hoods
  • Table 37 ENSEMBLE FOR STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTING AND PROXIMITY FIRE FIGHTING (2007 EDITION) STRUCTURAL HELMETS
    • FACE AND EYE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
      • BACKGROUND
      • ANSI Z87.1-2003
      • LEVELS OF PROTECTION
        • Lenses
        • Frames
      • IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACT PROTECTION LEVEL
      • VALUE HEAD PROTECTIVE GEAR
  • Table 38 VALUE HEAD PROTECTIVE GEAR, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • INDEX OF HEAD PROTECTIVE PRODUCT COMPANIES
      • CHIEFTAIN SAFETY MANUFACTURING/ PROTECTIVE MATERIALS COMPANY
      • E.D. BULLARD CO.
      • ESS EYE SAFETY SYSTEMS, INC./OAKLEY
      • GENTEX CORPORATION
      • MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO./MSA
      • OAKLEY, INC.
      • REVISION EYEWEAR, LTD.
      • WILEY X EYEWEAR/PROTECTIVE OPTICS, INC.
      • WORLDWIDE VISION TECHNOLOGIES LLC
      • OTHER MANUFACTURERS
• LIST OF TABLES
  • Summary Table:
  • U.S. VALUE OF ADVANCED PROTECTIVE GEAR AND ARMOR, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 1 GOVERNMENT AND NON-GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INVOLVED IN SETTING PROTECTIVE GEAR STANDARDS
  • Table 2 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS FELONIOUSLY KILLED WITH FIREARMS, POINT OF ENTRY FOR TORSO WOUNDS AND WEARING BODY ARMOR, 1996-2005
  • Table 3 SUMMARY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE BODY ARMOR STANDARDS
  • Table 4 KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR MILITARY BODY ARMOR DESIGN
  • Table 5 ARMY BODY ARMOR REQUIREMENTS AS OF FEBRUARY 2007
  • Table 6 M1114 HMMWV SPECIFICATIONS
  • Table 7 MARKET SHARE OF TECHNICAL FIBER MANUFACTURERS FOR BODY ARMOR BY COMPANY, U.S. 2006 (%)
  • Table 8 MARKET SHARE OF BODY ARMOR IN U.S. BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2006 (%)
  • Table 9 SUMMARY VALUE U.S. BODY AND VEHICLE ARMOR MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 10 MARKET SHARE ARMOR MANUFACTURERS, 2006 (%)
  • Table 11 STANDARD SPECIFIC FABRIC INDEX SUMMARY
  • Table 12 APPLICATIONS FOR META- AND PARA-ARAMIDS
  • Table 13 TABCOMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF WOVEN PBI VS NOMEX IIIA AND FLAME RETARDANT COTTON
  • Table 14 SOME PROTECTIVE FABRICS COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES
  • Table 15 LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX OF SELECTED FIBERS
  • Table 16 OUTER SHELL POLYMER MATERIAL MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (%)
  • Table 17 MOISTURE BARRIER MATERIAL MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (%)
  • Table 18 MARKET SHARE FOR THERMAL BARRIER MATERIALS BY TYPE, 2006 (%)
  • Table 19 U.S. MARKET SHARE OF STRUCTURAL FIRE SERVICE GARMENT MANUFACTURERS, 2006 (%)
  • Table 20 STRUCTURAL FIRES AND CIVILIAN FIRE DEATH, 2001-2006
  • Table 21 VALUE OF THE U. S. FIRE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING INDUSTRY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 22 TYPES OF CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENTS
  • Table 23 OCCUPATIONS THAT MAY NEED CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
  • Table 24 LEADING MATERIALS USED IN CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, BY BRAND
  • Table 25 OTHER CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
  • Table 26 MARKET SHARE FOR U.S. CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENTS, BY COMPANY, 2006 (%)
  • Table 27 U.S. VALUE OF CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GARMENTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 28 INFORMATION REQUIRED BY OSHA EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE
  • Table 29 NIOSH LOGIC FOR SELECTION OF PROPER RESPIRATOR
  • Table 30 U.S. MARKET SHARES OF ATMOSPHERE SUPPLYING RESPIRATOR MANUFACTURERS, 2006 (%)
  • Table 31 TYPES OF RESPIRATOR FACEPIECES
  • Table 32 ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET SHARE FOR PROTECTIVE AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS BY COMPANY, 2006 (%)
  • Table 33 VALUE U.S. RESPIRATOR MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 34 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL LISTED GLOVE MATERIALS
  • Table 35 VALUE U.S. PROTECTIVE GLOVES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 36 CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE GLOVE MARKET LEADERS BY MARKET SHARE, 2006
  • Table 37 ENSEMBLE FOR STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTING AND PROXIMITY FIRE FIGHTING (2007 EDITION) STRUCTURAL HELMETS
  • Table 38 VALUE HEAD PROTECTIVE GEAR, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
• LIST OF FIGURES
  • Summary Figure:
  • U.S. VALUE OF ADVANCED PROTECTIVE GEAR AND ARMOR, 2001-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 1 IMPROVED OUTER TACTICAL VEST
  • Figure 2 GENERAL STRUCTURE FOR A POLYETHYLENE
  • Figure 3 SPECTRA SHIELD COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
  • Figure 4 ETCHED CROSS-SECTION OF TENSYLON FIBER COMPOSITE WEAVE
  • Figure 5 STRUCTURE OF M5 POLYMER
  • Figure 6 TYPICAL META-ARAMID TYPE STRUCTURE
  • Figure 7 STRUCTURAL REPRESENTATION OF MELAMINE
  • Figure 8 VERIDIAN PRICE VS PERFORMANCE FOR FIREFIGHTER ENSEMBLE
  • Figure 9 DEFENDAIR ESCAPE HOOD FOR CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL AGENT PROTECTION