Alternative Chemical Products and Processing

SUMMARY

Highlights

This report:

• Includes comprehensive data concerning feedstocks, biobased chemical products, and end-use alternative chemical products along with processing technology
• Provides profiles for the major product manufacturers
• Reviews end-use markets
• Discusses new technology and processing developments
• Details forecasts and market analysis for all product categories for the U.S. and internationally
• Analyzes market information on product sales, cost savings alternatives and international opportunities
• Reviews government regulations, patents and R&D

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This study intends to provide a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the current and forecasted market through 2013 for alternative chemicals and processes that have emerged from the green chemistry movement. Green Chemistry principles promote products and processes that are less harmful to humans and the environment, rely on renewable resources, and offer cost efficiency to the manufacturer and customers. This study contributes information and data that provide a total picture of the industry presented herein.

The study intends to correlate data that has been calculated from many sources, including manufacturers that participate in this market. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive look at the alternative chemical product and process industry with detailed information on manufacturers; product markets from feedstocks to end-use; regulations; patents; government, academic and commercial developments; and the global marketplace.

REASONS FOR doing the STUDY

This study is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the market for alternative chemical products and processes. Public concern over pollution and the negative impact on the environment from chemical production has stimulated a growing demand for products that promote good environmental habits and generate less waste, create less pollution, and promote sustainability. The chemical industry is responsible for tens of thousands of products that are used by consumers on a daily basis. It, therefore, has a huge impact on our environment from the raw materials used to the consumption of finished products and the final disposal of product waste. An emerging industry focus based on the principles of Green Chemistry illustrates that technology is shifting from a resource to a knowledge-based industry as manufacturers, suppliers and customers become increasingly aware of how to make products better while using less material resources and producing less toxic products and byproducts.

This timely BCC study details the markets for alternative chemical products that include biomass feedstocks, biobased chemical products, and end-use alternative chemical products along with processing technology. It compares the alternative and traditional chemical market, highlighting the move away from petrochemicals as a primary feedstock. The international arena, regulatory environment, and technology that directly affect opportunities for alternative chemical products are extensively reviewed. The report covers a broad spectrum of the chemical industry and provides a cohesive picture of the overall alternative chemical product market with forecasts through 2013.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This study should be of interest to anyone involved directly in the chemical industry or interested in industrial markets. Manufacturers that are included in the chemical supply chain, both downstream and upstream, will find vital data and analysis on how the market is transitioning for a more competitive marketplace. Those in chemical management and operations will find this study useful for information concerning new processes and development that help create more efficient standards. This report also will give chemical customers insightful information into alternative product choices and the reason why alternative chemical products are quality and cost-effective choices.

Likewise, those participating in research and development activities through academic institutions, government programs, or private sector initiatives are presented with new developments and technological advances in potential new products and applications. Investors, banks, and legislators and others that require information about alternative chemical markets and sustainable alternatives will be able to use this study to assess the economic and environmental benefits of this emerging chemical industry segment.

SCOPE OF REPORT

This timely BCC study details the markets for alternative chemical products that include biomass feedstocks, biobased chemical intermediate products, and end-use alternative chemical products along with processing technology. It compares the alternative and traditional chemical market, highlighting the move away from petrochemicals as a primary feedstock. The international arena, regulatory environment, and technology that directly affect opportunities for alternative chemical products are extensively reviewed. Major product manufacturers are profiled and end-use markets are reviewed. Information concerning new technology and processing developments are extensively discussed. Detailed forecasts and analysis provide vital market information on product sales, cost savings alternatives, and international opportunities in a comprehensive manner.

Market forecasts are included for all product categories for U.S. production as well as global production. The historical and current significance of government regulations, patents, and research and development (R&D) will be reviewed in their vital role in effecting the market dynamics of the alternative chemical market with emphasis on future product sales. Information concerning U.S. exports and leading globalized companies will be analyzed. The report covers a broad spectrum of the chemical industry and provides a cohesive picture of the overall alternative chemical product market with forecasts through 2013.

INFORMATION SOURCES

This report is based on examining and calculating information from a variety of sources to obtain data that is balanced in regard to historical statistics and future predictions. This study forecasts the market's growth through 2013, and includes data for manufacturer sales; biobased feedstock, biobased chemicals, and end-use products; and the effect of market dynamics, regulation, and technology on product sales. Information is provided in terms of manufacturer's products, sales, and other vital information. Market forecasts are expressed in current dollar values and market share percentages forecasted through 2013. Information sources are also included that enlighten the reader about the alternative chemical product market in broader terms. This study is based on extensive research from a number of sources. These include government agency resources, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Energy (DOE); Department of Agriculture (USDA); U.S. Trade Commission; and national and international trade associations and journals and technical and product information from manufacturers, patent examination, legislators, and researchers, and many organizations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter- 1: SUMMARY

• SUMMARY TABLE TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF END-USE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• SUMMARY FIGURE A ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS COMPARISON AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2008 (%)
• SUMMARY FIGURE B ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS COMPARISON AS A PRCENTAGE OF TOTAL CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2013 (%)

Chapter- 2: OVERVIEW

• HISTORY OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• FROM PLANTS TO FOSSIL FUEL CHEMICALS
• GREEN CHEMISTRY BEGINNINGS
• THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• TABLE 1 REPRESENTATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCT MARKET ($ BILLIONS)
• NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
• GREEN CHEMISTRY DEFINED
• Environmentally Benign Chemicals
• Green Initiatives
• Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
• Twelve Principles … (Continued)
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• POLLUTION PREVENTION
• SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
• DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS
• WASTE GENERATION AND BYPRODUCTS
• EMISSION STANDARDS
• NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
• MAJOR BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
• MAJOR BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS
• MAJOR END PRODUCTS OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
• MAJOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PROCESSES
• MANUFACTURERS
• SALES OPPORTUNITIES
• FORECASTING PRODUCT SALES

Chapter- 3: PRODUCTS

• FEEDSTOCKS
• DEFINITION OF FEEDSTOCKS USED IN ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION
• FEEDSTOCK CATEGORIES
• TABLE 2 TOTAL U.S. CROP AND WASTE BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ TONS)
• TABLE 3 TOTAL U.S. BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR BIOBASED CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Crop-Based Feedstocks
• TABLE 4 TOTAL U.S. CROP-BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ TONS)
• TABLE 5 TOTAL U.S. CROP-BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Corn
• Soy-Based Feedstocks
• Perennial Grasses
• Sugar Crops
• Sucrose
• Specialty Sucrose Esters
• Miscellaneous Plant Crops
• Miscellaneous Grain Crops
• Woody Crops
• Microbial Feedstocks
• TABLE 6 TOTAL U.S. MICROBIAL BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Microorganism Biomass Feedstocks
• Enzymes
• Celluloses and Hydrolyses
• Biotechnology Trends
• Waste Biomass Feedstocks
• TABLE 7 TOTAL U.S. WASTE-BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ TONS)
• TABLE 8 TOTAL U.S. WASTE-BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Crop Waste
• Crop Waste (Continued)
• Wood Residues
• Industrial Waste
• Municipal Solid Waste Residues
• Biomass Feedstock Negatives
• Future Feedstock Sales
• BIOBASED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
• TRADITIONAL CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
• Inorganic Chemical Products
• Organic Chemical Products
• Alternative Chemical Products versus Petrochemical Products
• PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• Oil and Gas Prices a Major Factor
• Cost of Processing Chemicals
• TABLE 9 COST OF PROCESSING CHEMICALS, PETROCHEMICAL VS. BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
• FIGURE 1 COST OF PROCESSING CHEMICALS, PETROCHEMICAL VS. BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
• BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCT MARKET
• Novel Properties
• TABLE 10 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 11 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 ($ BILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 2 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 (%)
• Alternative Chemical Use of Biomass Feedstocks
• TABLE 12 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTLERNATIVE CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 13 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 3 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTLERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
• TABLE 14 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF CROP-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 15 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF WASTE-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 16 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Biobased Bulk Alternative Chemical Market
• TABLE 17 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED BULK CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 18 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 ($ BILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 4 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 (%)
• Organic Acids
• Lactic Acid
• Glycerol
• Ethanol
• Miscellaneous Solvents
• Miscellaneous Resins
• Other Bulk Chemicals
• Feedstocks Used in Alternative Bulk Chemical Production
• TABLE 19 BIOBASED BULK USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2-13 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 20 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 5 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTLERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 21 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 6 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTLERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
• TABLE 22 BIOBASED BULK USE OF CROP-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 23 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICAL USE OF WASTE-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 24 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICAL USE OF MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Biobased Specialty and Fine Alternative Chemical Market
• TABLE 25 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 26 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 ($ BILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 7 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 (%)
• Specialty Fine Chemicals
• Agrochemicals
• Enzymes
• TABLE 27 ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICAL USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 28 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 8 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTLERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 29 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTLERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 9 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTLERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
• TABLE 30 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICAL USE OF CROP- BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 31 BIOBASED SPECIALTY/FINE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF WASTE-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 32 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICAL USE OF MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Biobased Polymer Alternative Chemical Market
• TABLE 33 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED POLYMERS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 34 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 10 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 (%)
• Polylactic Acid (PLA)
• Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
• 1,3 Propanediol (PDO)
• Starch Polymers
• Cellulose Polymer
• Other Polymers
• Microbial Sources and Polymers
• TABLE 35 BIOBASED POLYMER USE OF OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 36 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 11 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTLERNATIVE POLYMERS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 37 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 12 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
• TABLE 38 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER CHEMICAL USE OF CROP-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 39 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER CHEMICAL USE OF WASTE-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 40 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER CHEMICAL USE OF MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET BY ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS
• FORECASTS ON SALES FOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS
• TABLE 41 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF END-USE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• Forecasts on Sales for (Continued)
• TABLE 42 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS COMPARISON AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2008 AND 2013 ($ BILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 13 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS END-USE PRODUCT SHARES OF TOTAL ALTERNATIVE END-USE PRODUCTS, 2008 (%)
• FIGURE 14 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS END-USE PRODUCT SHARES OF TOTAL ALTERNATIVE END-USE PRODUCTS, 2013 (%)
• Forecasts on Sales for (Continued)
• ALTERNATIVE END-USE PRODUCT CATEGORIES
• Alternative Plastics
• Biobased and Biodegradable Plastic Technology
• Resins, Polyesters, and Plastics
• Specialty Plastics
• TABLE 43 ALTERNATIVE PLASTICS USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Pharmaceutical Products
• New Drug Therapies
• TABLE 44 ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Packaging
• TABLE 45 ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Cleaning Products
• Vegetable Cleaners
• TABLE 46 ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Personal Care Products
• TABLE 47 ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Agrochemicals
• Fertilizers
• Biodegradable Waste to Compost
• TABLE 48 ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICAL USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Detergents
• Alternative Detergent Offerings
• TABLE 49 ALTERNATIVE DETERGENT USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Painting and Coatings
• TABLE 50 ALTERNATIVE PAINT AND COATINGS' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Adhesive Products
• TABLE 51 ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Lubricants
• TABLE 52 ALTERNATIVE LUBRICANTS' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Pigments and Dyes Products
• TABLE 53 ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS' AND DYES' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Alternative Ink Products
• Soy Based Inks
• TABLE 54 ALTERNATIVE INKS' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Soy Based Inks (Continued)

Chapter- 4: TECHNOLOGY

• TABLE 55 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• POLLUTION PREVENTION AND COST SAVINGS
• RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
• MICROBIAL RESEARCH
• LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT
• CHEMICAL PROCESSES
• PROCESS EFFICIENCIES AND PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP
• NONTRADITIONAL CHEMICAL PROCESSING
• IMPORTANT RESEARCH AREAS
• FIGURE 15 DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Creating Robust Measurement Techniques
• Chemical Pathways
• REAGENTS
• SOLVENTS
• WATER
• IONIC LIQUIDS
• SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
• CATALYSTS
• FERMENTATION
• BIOPROCESSING
• Biorefineries
• COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN
• PRODUCT AND PROCESSES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
• COMMERCIAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS R&D
• Cargill and Novozymes
• Natureworks, LLC
• Rohm and Haas and Novasep
• Ashland Inc.
• Metabolix
• Ashland Inc. and Cargill
• The Dow Chemical Company and Crystalsev
• Vertec BioSolvents, Inc.
• Meredian, Inc.
• DuPont
• ACADEMIC PRODUCT AND PROCESS R & D
• Rice University
• University of Oregon
• Polytechnic University
• University of California
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• Iowa State University
• National Science Foundation (NSF) Academic R&D
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• University of South Florida
• University of Texas at Arlington
• Oregon State University
• Illinois Wesleyan University
• University of New Mexico
• GOVERNMENT R & D
• U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
• Agriculture Research Service (ARS)
• ARS: "Valuable Polysaccharide-Based Products from Sugar Beet Pulp and Citrus Peel"
• ARS: "Industrial Products from New Crops"
• Department of Energy
• Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy - Biomass Program
• Office of Science-Office of Basic Energy Sciences
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
• "Value-Added Products from Hemicellulose Utilization in Dry-Mill Ethanol Plants"
• "Isosorbide Production"
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory-The Plant Genomics Group
• PATENTS
• PATENTS BY COMPANY
• TABLE 56 PATENTS BY COMPANY
• Patents by Company (Continued)
• TABLE 57 PATENTS ISSUED BY TECHNOLOGY AND YEAR, 2005-2007
• PATENT REVIEW
• U.S. Patent No. 6,320,077: Lactic Acid Processing; Methods; Arrangements; and Product
• U.S. Patent No. 5,656,682: Polymer Composition Comprising Esterified Starch and Esterified Cellulose
• U.S. Patent No. 7,217,545: Method for Production of Lactic Acid
• U.S. Patent No. 7,294,486: Enzymatic Process for the Synthesis of Organo- fluorine Compounds
• U.S. Patent No. 7,247,230: Electrochemical Synthesis and Processing of Conducting Polymers in Supercritical Media
• U.S. Patent No. 7,229,804: Biological Systems for Manufacture of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers Containing 4-hydroxyacids
• U.S. Patent No. 7,285,523: Enzyme-containing Granule and Detergent Composition
• U.S. Patent No. 7,309,805: Method and System to Contact an Ionic Liquid Catalyst with Oxygen to Improve a Chemical Reaction
• U.S. Patent No. 7,275,572: Eco Tire
• U.S. Patent No. 7,275,572: Eco Tire (Continued)

Chapter- 5: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKET COMPETITION

• MARKET DYNAMICS FOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
• MARKET DRIVERS
• Alternative Chemical Costs
• Product Price
• Regulations
• Environmental Drivers
• Research and Development
• TABLE 58 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL R&D EXPENDITURES VERSUS MARKETING EXPENDITURES, 2008 (%)
• GOVERNMENT FUND OF R&D
• Capital Investment Essential
• COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
• Branding
• Environmental Image
• Chemical Industry Voluntary Programs
• Responsible Care
• Economies of Scale
• Alliances
• Production Innovation
• COMPANIES
• Biotechnology and Life Sciences Industries
• Agriculture Industry
• Biomass Feedstock Processors Market Share
• TABLE 59 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PROCESSORS' MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 16 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PROCESSORS' MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, BY TIER 2008 (%)
• Alternative Chemical Manufacturer's Market Share
• TABLE 60 BIOBASED CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS' MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, 2008 ($ BILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 17 BIOBASED CHEMICAL MANUFACTURES' MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, BY TIER, 2008 (%)
• COMPANY SIZE
• SMALL TO MEDIUM COMPANIES
• LEADERSHIP
• PRESIDENTIAL GREEN CHEMISTRY CHALLENGE AWARDS
• TABLE 61 PRESIDENTIAL GREEN CHEMISTRY CHALLENGE AWARD WINNERS, 2005-2007
• TABLE 61 (CONTINUED)
• SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
• GLOBAL COMPETITION

Chapter- 6: INTERNATIONAL MARKET

• INTERNATIONAL MARKET DYNAMICS
• FOREIGN INVESTMENT
• CHALLENGED BY DEVELOPING REGIONS
• GLOBALIZATION
• SUPPLY AND DEMAND
• GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
• A SHIFT TO BIOBASED AND BIOTECHNOLOGIES
• U.S. EXPORTS
• TABLE 62 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 63 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PLASTICS- EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 64 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS- EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 65 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING PRODUCTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. EXPORTS (CONTINUED)
• TABLE 66 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 67 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 68 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICALS- EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 69 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 70 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PAINTING & COATINGS- EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. EXPORTS (CONTINUED)
• TABLE 71 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 72 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE LUBRICANTS-XPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 73 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES- EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 74 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• WORLDWIDE REGIONAL MARKETS
• TABLE 75 WORLDWIDE REGIONAL PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 76 GLOBAL COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2008 ($ BILLIONS, %)
• FIGURE 18 GLOBAL COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2008 (%)
• TABLE 77 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
• TABLE 77 (CONTINUED)
• WESTERN EUROPE
• EASTERN EUROPE
• CANADA
• LATIN AMERICA
• Brazil
• Mexico
• ASIA PACIFIC
• China
• China's Environmental Regulations
• Japan
• INDUSTRIAL VERSUS DEVELOPING REGIONS
• Industrialized Countries
• Advanced Technology
• INTERNATIONAL REGULATION AND AGREEMENTS
• EUROPEAN UNION REGULATION
• Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (Reach)
• THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
• UNITED NATIONAL GLOBAL COMPACT
• INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES
• INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS
• Akzo Nobel and ICI
• Bayer
• BASF
• Braskem
• Croda
• Crystalsev
• DSM
• Indorama
• Neochim
• Novamont
• Novozymes A/S
• PHB Industrial S.A.
• Plantic
• Purac
• Rhodia
• Roquette and DSM
• Solanic
• Solvay
• Tate & Lyle
• Teijin Group
• FINANCING AND EXPORT ASSISTANCE
• EX-IM BANK
• EXPORT WORKING CAPITAL PROGRAM
• OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
• COMMERCIAL BANKS

Chapter- 7: REGULATION

• HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
• STATE AND FEDERAL INTERACTIONS
• EPCRA
• EPA'S GREEN CHEMISTRY FOCUS
• THE CLEAN AIR ACT
• WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT
• CLEAN WATER ACT
• CLEAN WATER ACT AMENDMENTS
• RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT
• "CRADLE-TO-GRAVE" CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
• POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT
• TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
• MICROBIAL PRODUCTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY; FINAL REGULATIONS UNDERTHE TOXIC SUBSTANCE CONTROL ACT
• TSCA INVENTORY NOMENCLATURE AND REPORTING FOR ENZYMES
• BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2000
• BIOMASS RESEARCH AND …(CONTINUED)
• THE FOOD, CONSERVATION, AND ENERGY ACT OF 2008
• NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN REGULATION
• H.R. 2850 GREEN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2007
• S.2307 GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2007
• S.1884 HARVESTING ENERGY ACT OF 2007
• H.R.3775 INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2007
• HR 2752 MARKET INCENTIVES FOR BIOBASED PRODUCTS ACT OF 2007

Chapter- 8: COMPANY PROFILES

• AG PROCESSING INC.
• ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY (ADM)
• ASHLAND INC.
• CEREPLAST
• CODEXIS, INC.
• THE DOW CHEMICAL CO.
• DUPONT
• EASTMAN CHEMICAL CO.
• GENENCOR DIVISION, DANISCO US INC.
• METABOLIX
• NATIONAL STARCH AND CHEMICAL COMPANY
• NATUREWORKS LLC
• PENFORD CORP.
• ROHM AND HAAS
• TATE & LYLE
• VERENIUM CORPORATION
• VERTEC BIOSOLVENTS, INC

Chapter- 9: APPENDIX: REFERENCES

• WORKS CITED
• WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)
• WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)
• WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)
• WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)