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SUMMARY
INTRODUCTIONREASON FOR STUDY AND ITS IMPORTANCE "Nano-," once a seldom-used prefix found in the back of scientifictextbooks, has moved into the industrial mainstream. Literally, "nano"represents 0.000000001, or 10-9, an extremely small quantity withenormous implications for the miniaturization-driven technology of thetwenty-first century. Within the past two decades, a variety of terms sharingthe prefix "nano-," such as nanoparticle, nanomaterial, nanophase, andnanostructured, have emerged to describe certain materials, technologies, andeven businesses; in fact, several firms listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange usethe prefix "nano-" in their company names. Although nano may not yetbe a household word, it is indeed well known within and increasingly vital tothe advanced materials community and high-technology business sector. In partdue to the credibility and visibility imparted by the National NanotechnologyInitiative in early 2000, nanoterminology has become trendy, popular, andrepresentative of all that is high-tech in the materials world. In 1997, Business Communications Co. (BCC) published a seminaltechnical-market study of the nanomaterials field — a report that definedthe scope of the industry for the first time. Since then, the industry haswitnessed many changes: new entrants into the business; production scale-upefforts; new commercialization strategies; and technological advancements. Inlight of these developments, BCC opted to take a fresh look at the industry andreevaluate the existing and potential markets for nanoparticulate materials. Theculmination of that research is a three-volume series of reports, which iswithout question the most comprehensive source of industry information andtechnical-market data on nanoparticulate materials available today. OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION This study fills a gap in the published literature on nanoparticles andnanostructured materials. Although numerous technical papers and overviewarticles address various aspects of nanomaterial technology, the literaturelacks a comprehensive, up-to-date, and realistic technical-market assessment ofnanomaterials over a broad range of applications. This report, GM-201A,which is part one of a three-volume series, examines in detail electronic,magnetic and optoelectronic applications for nanoparticulate materials. Theprimary objectives of this study are to provide technological background,detailed industry information, and market data and forecasts through 2005,segmented by application and material type. AUDIENCE FOR THIS REPORT This report is a valuable resource for companies and organizations that are: - involved in the commercialization of nanoparticulate materials and lookingfor new market opportunities;
- interested in incorporating nanoparticles into new or existing products asan end user;
- involved in nanomaterial research and development;
- in search of licensing opportunities for their nanoparticle synthesis orprocessing technologies;
- seeking partners for their commercialization efforts; and
- looking for venture capital investment opportunities.
SCOPE AND CONTENT OF THIS REPORT Defined broadly, the term "nanostructured" is used to describematerials characterized by structural features of less than 100 nm in averagesize. All of the materials discussed in this report are inorganic particulatematerials of submicron or nanoscale crystallite sizes. Nanoparticulate ceramics,metals, alloys, and semiconductors in the form of dry powders, liquiddispersions, coatings, and bulk materials are considered. Carbon black powders,fullerenes and nanotubes are beyond the scope of this study, as are polymericnanoparticles. Nanotechnology, the building of components atom by atom, andmicromachines are not covered here. The report begins with an Overview chapter that describes the various typesand forms of nanostructured materials and their properties, and the surprisinglyextensive history of the industry is detailed in a timeline. The Technologychapter presents an overview of vapor phase, wet chemical, and solid-statetechniques in producing nanostructured particles, as well as dispersion,coating, compaction, and self-assembly technologies. Major researchers andinstitutions involved in nanoparticle studies are identified, and the chapterconcludes with an analysis of nanomaterials-related U.S. patents issued duringthe past 2 years. The Industry Structure chapter presents a who's-who of the nanomaterialsindustry. Major and minor companies from the U.S. and around the world areidentified and profiled, and nanoparticulate products, pricing,commercialization strategies and competition are discussed. The chapterconcludes with the identification of industrial recipients of nanomaterials-relatedgovernment funding awards during the past decade and a detailed collection ofcompany profiles. In the World Markets chapter, current and emerging electronic, magnetic, andoptoelectronic applications for nanoparticles are identified and analyzed.Within each application area, technological requirements, relevant productiontechnology, companies involved and the commercial status are discussed. Finally,world markets for nanoparticles are presented as a function of application andmaterial type for 2000 and 2005. Appendices provide listings of contact information for all of the industryparticipants, as well as detailed timelines of industry events (includingcompany foundings, moves, expansions, acquisitions and collaborations), relevantU.S. patent data, and government funding awards. METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES The data in this report were obtained from both primary and secondarysources. Executives, engineers, managers, researchers, and salespeople fromcompanies and research institutions involved in the development, production,and/or usage of nanostructured materials were interviewed in the course of thisstudy. Other data were obtained from an exhaustive review of patent literatureand government databases, as well as scientific, trade, and business journals.BCC newsletters, reports, and conferences provided additional information. ANALYST CREDENTIALS Mindy N. Rittner, Ph.D., the author of this report, has been studyingnanoparticulate materials for nearly a decade, initially as a materialsresearcher and more recently as a market analyst. In addition to nanomaterials,Rittner follows other growing segments of the materials industry, includingmetal matrix composites, powder metallurgy, and sputtering target materials. Sheis the founder and editor of BCC's monthly newsletter, Nanoparticle News,and the program chairwoman of BCC's annual nanopowder conference. Rittner earnedher Ph.D. from the Department of Materials Science at Northwestern University. TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION XVI - REASON FOR STUDY AND ITS IMPORTANCE XVI
- OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION XVI
- AUDIENCE FOR THIS REPORT XVII
- SCOPE AND CONTENT OF THIS REPORT XVII
- METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES XVIII
- ANALYST CREDENTIALS XVIII
- RELATED BCC REPORTS XVIII
- BCC ON-LINE SERVICES XIX
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY XXOVERVIEW 1 - TERMINOLOGY 1
- PRODUCTS AND PROPERTIES 1
- CATALYTIC 2
- ELECTRICAL 3
- MAGNETIC 3
- MECHANICA 5
- OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC 6
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 7
TECHNOLOGY 9 - PARTICLE PRODUCTION 9
- INTRODUCTION 9
- GAS-PHASE PROCESSING 11
- Gas Condensation with Thermal Evaporation 11
- Vacuum Evaporation on Running Liquids (VERL) 13
- Thermal Plasma Synthesis 13
- Combustion Synthesis 14
- WET CHEMICAL PROCESSES 15
- Chemical Precipitation 15
- Hydrothermal Processing 16
- Sol-Gel Processing 16
- Thermochemical Synthesis 17
- Sonochemical Synthesis 18
- Hydrodynamic Cavitation 18
- SOLID-STATE PROCESSES 19
- High-Energy Milling 19
- Mechanochemical Synthesis 20
- PRODUCING STABLE DISPERSIONS 20
- PRODUCTION OF COATINGS, COMPONENTS, AND DEVICES 21
- SLURRY-COATING ROUTES 21
- Dip Coating 21
- Spin Coating 22
- Electrophoretic Deposition 22
- Jet-Printing Process 23
- Comparison to Vapor Deposition Techniques 23
- Thermal Spray Coating 24
- DIRECT PRODUCTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED COATINGS AND BULK SOLIDS 25
- Electrodeposition 25
- Amorphous Crystallization 26
- Severe Plastic Deformation 27
- CONSOLIDATION OF NANOPARTICLES INTO COMPONENTS 27
- Dynamic-Magnetic Consolidation 27
- Field-Assisted Sintering Techniques 28
- Quasi-Isostatic Pressure Process 29
- Shockwave Compaction 29
- Sinter-Forging 30
SELF-ASSEMBLY OF NANOPARTICLES 30 - TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 30
- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 31
- \'Bricks-and-Mortar\' Approach Orders Gold Particles 31
- Micelles Enable Assembly of Nanolaminates 32
- Viral Biotemplate Organizes Nanometal Particles into Arrays 33
- Magnetic Nanoparticle Dispersions Self-Assemble into Ordered Arrays 33
- MAJOR PLAYERS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 34
- U.S. PATENT ANALYSIS 36
- Introduction 36
- Trends by Country 37
- Trends by Assignee 38
- Trends by Emphasis: Production versus Application 41
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 43 - PRODUCERS 43
- COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS 46
- NANOPARTICLE PRICING 47
- COMMERCIALIZATION STRATEGIES 48
- INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION 49
- U.S. GOVERNMENT FUNDING 50
- THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM 50
- Background 50
- Relevant Awards 50
- SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH (SBIR) AND SMALL BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER (STTR) PROGRAMS 51
- Background 51
- Relevant Awards 52
COMPANY PROFILES 53 - ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY PTY, LTD. 53
- ADVANCED MAGNETICS, INC. 54
- ALCOA WORLD CHEMICALS 55
- ALTAIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 56
- ADVANCED POWDER (AP) MATERIALS, INC. 56
- ARGONIDE CORP. 57
- AVEKA, INC. 58
- BAIKOWSKI INTERNATIONAL CORP. 58
- BANGS LABORATORIES, INC. 59
- BASF CORP. 60
- BAYER CORP. 60
- BFGOODRICH PERFORMANCE MATERIALS 61
- BIOSANTE PHARMACEUTICALS 62
- CABOT CORP. 62
- CABOT MICROELECTRONICS CORP. 63
- CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY, INC. 64
- CLARIANT CORP. 64
- CONDUCTING MATERIALS CORP. 65
- CYTIMMUNE SCIENCES, INC. 65
- DEGUSSA-HULS CORP. 66
- DMC2 67
- DOW CHEMICAL 67
- DOWA MINING CO., LTD. 68
- DUPONT CO. 68
- DYNAL BIOTECH ASA 69
- EKA CHEMICALS\' COLLOIDAL SILICA GROUP 69
- EKC TECHNOLOGY, INC. 70
- ELEMENTIS SPECIALTIES 70
- FERRO CORP. 71
- FERROFLUIDICS CORP 71
- FERX, INC. 72
- FUJIMI CORP. 72
- HYDROTECT 73
- IDAHO TITANIUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 74
- INFRAMAT CORP. 75
- INVEST-TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. 75
- ISHIHARA CORP. 75
- ISK MAGNETICS 76
- JOHNSON MATTHEY COLOURS & COATINGS DIVISION 76
- KEMIRA PIGMENTS OY 77
- MACH I 77
- MALAKOFF INDUSTRIES, INC. 78
- MICROMOD PARTIKELTECHNOLOGIE GMBH 78
- MOYCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC., ABRASIVES DIVISION 79
- NALCO CHEMICAL CO. 79
- NANOCOR, INC. 80
- NANOCRYSTALS TECHNOLOGY, LTD. 80
- NANOGATE GMBH 81
- NANOGRAM CORP. 81
- NANOMAGNETICS, LTD. 82
- NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP. 82
- NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 83
- NANOPOWDER ENTERPRISES, INC. 84
- NANOPOWDERS INDUSTRIES, INC. 84
- NANOPROBES, INC. 85
- NANOX, LTD. 85
- NANOMAT, INC. 86
- NANOSONIC, INC. 86
- NANOSPHERE, INC. 87
- NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 88
- NANOSCALE MATERIALS, INC., FORMERLY NANTEK, INC. 88
- NEXTECH MATERIALS, INC. 88
- NIPPON PAINT CO., LTD. 89
- NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. 89
- NOVAGEN, INC. 90
- NYACOL NANO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 90
- NYCOMED AMERSHAM IMAGING 91
- NYMOX PHARMACEUTICAL CORP. 91
- OMG AMERICAS 92
- PARTISYN CORP. 92
- POLYSCIENCES, INC. 93
- PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 93
- QUANTUM DOT CORP. 93
- RODEL, INC. 94
- SACHTLEBEN CHEMIE 95
- SCHERING AG 95
- SHOWA DENKO K.K. 95
- SOLARONIX 96
- SOLAVEIL 97
- SUMITOMO OSAKA CEMENT CO., LTD. 98
- SUNSMART, INC. 98
- SUPERCONDUCTIVE COMPONENTS, INC. 99
- TAL MATERIALS, INC. 99
- TAYCA CORP. 100
- TETRONICS, LTD. 100
- TPL, INC. 100
- UM RESEARCH NORTH AMERICA 101
- US NANOCORP, INC. 101
- VACUUM METALLURGICAL CO., LTD. 102
WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ELECTRONIC, MAGNETIC, AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS 103 - INTRODUCTION 103
- WORLD MARKETS OVERVIEW 103
- MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION 103
- MARKET SEGMENTATION BY MATERIAL TYPE 106
- DETAILED MARKET ANALYSIS 108
- CHEMICAL-MECHANICAL POLISHING (CMP) 108
- Background 108
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements 109
- Commercial Status 112
- Recent Technological Developments 114
- ZrO2 Particles Polish Spin-On Glass at High Rate 114
- Alliance Forms to Develop Slurry-Free CMP 114
- Si3N4 Evaluated for CMP Slurry 115
- World Markets 116
- ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATINGS 121
- Background 121
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements 122
- Commercial Status 123
- New Technological Developments 124
- Zinc Antimonate Sol Developed as Alternative to ITO, ATO 124
- CRT Coating Deposited from Silver Sol 125
- Intercalation Improves Stability of Colloidal Vanadium Oxide 125
- Reducing Agent Added to Transparent Film to Maintain High Conductivity 126
- World Markets 126
- MAGNETIC FLUID SEALING 131
- Background 131
- Materials, Production and Technical Requirements 131
- Commercial Status 131
- World Markets 132
- MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIA 134
- Background 134
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements 135
- Commercial Status 136
- New Technological Developments 137
- Magnetic Nanocrystal Arrays May Boost Data Storage Density 100-Fold 137
- Particles Play Key Role in Transparent Magnetic Recording Layer of Advanced Photo System 139
- World Markets 140
- MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITORS 144
- Background 144
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements 145
- Dielectrics 145
- Conductors 146
- Commercial Status 146
- New Technological Developments 147
- Submicron Ni from Continuous Process 147
- Cornell Group Fabricates Barium Titanate-Polymer Composites 148
- Sub-100 nm Contamination-Free Nickel Powder Produced by Precipitation 149
- Nanocomposites Need Higher BaTiO3 Loadings to Increase Dielectric Constant 149
- World Markets 150
- OPTICAL FIBER FABRICATION 154
- Background 154
- Materials, Production, and Technical Developments 155
- Commercial Status 156
- World Markets 156
- PHOSPHORS FOR ADVANCED DISPLAYS 158
- Background 158
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements 159
- Commercial Status 160
- New Technological Developments 160
- Impact of Quantum Size Effect on Nanophosphors Disputed 160
- Sol-Gel Approach Yields Small Particle Phosphors 161
- Nanophosphors Are 50% More Efficient at Voltages Below 1 kV 162
- World Markets 162
- QUANTUM OPTICAL DEVICES 164
- Background 164
- Optical Modulators 164
- Optical Amplifiers 165
- Semiconductor Laser Diodes 166
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements 167
- Optical Modulators 167
- Optical Amplifiers 167
- Semiconductor Laser Diodes 168
- New Technological Developments 168
- Light Amplification from Si Nanocrystals Paves Way toward All-Silicon Laser 168
- Commercial Status 170
- Optical Modulators 170
- Optical Amplifiers 170
- Semiconductor Lasers 171
- World Markets 171
- Optical Modulators 171
- Optical Amplifiers 171
- Semiconductor Laser Diodes 172
- SOLAR CELLS 172
- Background 172
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements 173
- Commercial Status 175
- Recent Technological Developments 176
- Pilot Production Line Under Construction for Nanocrystalline TiO2 Solar Cells 176
- World Markets 176
APPENDIX A: COMPANY CONTACT INFORMATION 179 - ADVANCED MAGNETICS, INC. 179
- ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY PTY, LTD. 179
- ALCOA WORLD CHEMICALS 179
- ALTAIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 179
- ADVANCED POWDER (AP) MATERIALS, INC. 179
- ARGONIDE CORP. 179
- AVEKA, INC. 180
- BAIKOWSKI INTERNATIONAL CORP. 180
- BANGS LABORATORIES, INC. 180
- BASF CORP. 180
- BAYER CORP. 180
- BIOSANTE PHARMACEUTICALS 180
- CABOT CORP. 180
- CABOT MICROELECTRONICS CORP. 181
- CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY, INC. 181
- CLARIANT CORP. 181
- CONDUCTING MATERIALS CORP. 181
- CYTIMMUNE SCIENCES, INC. 181
- DEGUSSA-HULS AG 181
- DEGUSSA-HULS CORP. 181
- DOWA MINING CO., LTD. 182
- DUPONT CO. 182
- DUPONT AIR PRODUCTS NANOMATERIALS, LLC 182
- DYNAL AS 182
- EKA CHEMICALS AB 182
- EKC TECHNOLOGY, INC. 182
- ELEMENTIS SPECIALTIES 182
- FERRO CORP. 183
- FERROFLUIDICS CORP. 183
- FERX, INC. 183
- FUJIMI CORP. 183
- HYDROTECT 183
- IDAHO TITANIUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.183
- INFRAMAT CORP. 183
- INSTITUTE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY 184
- INVEST-TECHNOLOGIES 184
- ISHIHARA SANGYO KAISHA 184
- ISHIHARA CORP. 184
- JOHNSON MATTHEY 184
- KEMIRA PIGMENTS OY 185
- MACH I 185
- MALAKOFF INDUSTRIES, INC. 185
- MEITO SANGYO CO., LTD. 185
- MICROMOD PARTIKELTECHNOLOGIE GMBH 185
- MOYCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 185
- NALCO CHEMICAL CO. 186
- NANOCOR, INC. 186
- NANOCRYSTALS TECHNOLOGY 186
- NANOGATE GMBH 186
- NANOGRAM CORP. 186
- NANOMAGNETICS, LTD. 186
- NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP. 187
- NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 187
- NANOPOWDER ENTERPRISES, INC. 187
- NANOPOWDERS INDUSTRIES, INC. 187
- NANOPROBES, INC. 187
- NANOX, LTD. 187
- NANOMAT, INC. 188
- NANOSCALE MATERIALS, FORMERLY NANTEK, INC. 188
- NANOSONIC, INC. 188
- NANOSPHERE, INC. 188
- NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 188
- NEXTECH MATERIALS, INC. 188
- NIPPON PAINT CO., LTD. 188
- NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. 189
- NISSAN CHEMICAL AMERICA CORP. 189
- NOVAGEN, INC. 189
- NYACOL NANO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 189
- NYCOMED AMERSHAM IMAGING 189
- NYMOX PHARMACEUTICAL CORP. 189
- OM GROUP, INC. 189
- PARTISYN CORP. 190
- PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 190
- QUANTUM DOT CORP. 190
- RODEL, INC. 190
- SACHTLEBEN CHEMIE 190
- SCHERING AG 190
- SHOWA DENKO K.K. 190
- SOLARONIX 191
- SOLAVEIL 191
- SURROMED, INC. 191
- TAIHEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 191
- TAL MATERIALS, INC. 191
- TAYCA CORP. 191
- TITAN KOGYO K.K. 192
- TOTO, LTD. 192
- TOTO U.S.A., INC. 192
- TPL, INC. 192
- US NANOCORP, INC. 192
APPENDIX B: COMPANY FOUNDINGS, ACQUISITIONS, AND MERGERS 193APPENDIX C: COMPANY MOVES AND EXPANSIONS 195APPENDIX D: COLLABORATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 197APPENDIX E: RELEVANT U.S. PATENTS ISSUED FROM SEPTEMBER 1, 1998 TO SEPTEMBER 1, 2000 199APPENDIX F: GOVERNMENT FUNDING AWARDS 232APPENDIX G: REFERENCES AND ENDNOTES 246LIST OF TABLES - SUMMARY TABLE: TOTAL WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ELECTRONIC, MAGNETIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2005 XX
- 1 SUMMARY OF PROPERTY CHANGES AT THE NANOCRYSTALLINE-SIZE SCALE 2
- 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A COMMERCIALLY VIABLE NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTION METHOD 9
- 3 OVERVIEW OF NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTION METHODS 10
- 4 PARTICLE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPANIES USING THEM 10
- 5 STEPS IN THE DISPERSION PROCESS 21
- 6 COMPARISON OF COATING TECHNOLOGIES 24
- 7 MAJOR PLAYERS IN NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE U.S. AND CANADA 34
- 8 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS AWARDED THREE OR MORE NANOMATERIAL-RELATED PATENTS, SEPT. 1, 1998 THROUGH AUG. 31, 2000 40
- 9 COMPANIES WORLDWIDE INVOLVED IN NANOPARTICLE DEVELOPMENT OR PRODUCTION 43
- 10 NANOMATERIALS COMPANIES WITH ROOTS IN ACADEMIC OR GOVERNMENT LABORATORIES 45
- 11 FACTORS THAT IMPACT THE PRICING OF NANOPARTICLES 47
- 12 NANOMATERIAL-RELATED ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM AWARDS, 1992-2000 51
- 13 RECIPIENTS OF THREE OR MORE NANOMATERIALS-RELATED PHASE I SBIR/STTR AWARDS, 1991-1999 53
- 14 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ELECTRONIC, MAGNETIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2005 104
- 15 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ELECTRONIC, MAGNETIC, AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, SEGMENTATION BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2005 107
- 16 TYPICAL OXIDE CMP SLURRY CHARACTERISTICS 110
- 17 OXIDE CMP PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS, 1998-2000 110
- 18 REQUIREMENTS OF CMP SLURRIES 111
- 19 PRODUCERS OF ABRASIVE PARTICLES AND SLURRIES FOR PRECISION POLISHING AND CMP 114
- 20 ASSUMPTIONS FOR CMP MARKET FORECASTS 117
- 21 WORLD MARKET FOR CMP SLURRIES, THROUGH 2005 118
- 22 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN CMP APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2005 118
- 23 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN CMP APPLICATIONS BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2005 119
- 24 TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPARENT ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATINGS 122
- 25 ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATING APPLICATIONS AS REVEALED BY RECENT U.S. PATENTS 123
- 26 ASSUMPTIONS FOR MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS 128
- 27 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATINGS, THROUGH 2005 129
- 28 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATINGS BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2005 129
- 29 SUMMARY OF FERROFLUID CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTION 131
- 30 ASSUMPTIONS FOR MAGNETIC FLUID SEALING MARKET FORECASTS 133
- 31 WORLD MARKET FOR MAGNETIC FLUIDS, THROUGH 2005 133
- 32 WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN MAGNETIC FLUID SEALING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2005 134
- 33 PRODUCERS OF ULTRAFINE AND NANOSCALE MAGNETIC PARTICLES FOR MAGNETIC RECORDING TAPE APPLICATIONS 137
- 34 ASSUMPTIONS FOR MAGNETIC RECORDING MARKET FORECASTS 141
- 35 WORLD CONSUMPTION OF SUBMICRON AND NANOSCALE PARTICLES IN MAGNETIC STORAGE TAPES, THROUGH 2005 142
- 36 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN MAGNETIC STORAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2005 143
- 37 PRODUCERS OF SUBMICRON OR NANOSCALE DIELECTRIC AND METAL POWDERS FOR CAPACITOR APPLICATIONS 147
- 38 ASSUMPTIONS FOR MLCC MARKET FORECASTS 151
- 39 WORLD CONSUMPTION OF POWDERS FOR MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITORS, THROUGH 2005
- 152
- 40 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITORS BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2005 153
- 41 DIMENSIONAL RESULTS FOR OF SOL-GEL PROCESSED OPTICAL FIBER OVERCLADDING TUBES OF 1 METER IN LENGTH 155
- 42 ASSUMPTIONS FOR OPTICAL FIBER MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS 157
- 43 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN OPTICAL FIBER FABRICATION, THROUGH 2005 157
- 44 COMPANIES FOCUSED ON NANOCRYSTALLINE PHOSPHOR DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION 160
- 45 ASSUMPTIONS FOR PHOSPHOR MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS 163
- 46 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES AS ADVANCED PHOSPHORS, THROUGH 2005 163
- 47 QUANTUM OPTICAL DEVICE OVERVIEW 167
- 48 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN QUANTUM OPTICAL DEVICES, THROUGH 2005 172
- 49 ROLE OF NANOPARTICLES IN SOLAR CELLS 174
- 50 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS USING PARTICULATE MATERIALS TO FABRICATE SOLAR CELL ACTIVE LAYERS 175
- 51 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN SOLAR CELL DEVICES, THROUGH 2005 177
- 52 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN SOLAR CELL DEVICES BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2005 178
- 53 COMPANY FOUNDINGS, ACQUISITIONS AND MERGERS 193
- 54 COMPANY MOVES AND EXPANSIONS 195
- 55 COLLABORATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 197
- 56 COMPILATION OF U.S. PATENTS 199
- 57 RELEVANT SBIR AND STTR AWARDS SPONSORED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, 1997 TO 2000 232
- 58 RELEVANT SBIR AND STTR AWARDS FROM 1991 TO 1996 237
LIST OF FIGURES - SUMMARY FIGURE: TOTAL WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ELECTRONIC, MAGNETIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, 2000 AND 2005 XXI
- 1 QUALITATIVE DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETIC COERCIVITY (Hc) ON ULTRAFINE PARTICLE SIZE 4
- 2 TIMELINE OF INDUSTRY EVENTS, 1920-2000 8
- 3 SCHEMATIC OF THE MODIFIED VERL PROCESS TO PRODUCE METAL NANOSUSPENSIONS 13
- 4 SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS FLOW CHART 17
- 5 U.S. PATENT TRENDS BY COUNTRY, SEPT. 1, 1998 THROUGH AUG. 31, 2000 38
- 6 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, SEPT. 1, 1998 THROUGH AUG. 31, 2000 39
- 7 SHARES OF PATENTS ISSUED BY EMPHASIS, SEPT. 1, 1998 THROUGH AUG. 31, 2000 41
- 8 PATENT BREAKDOWN BY APPLICATION, SEPT. 1, 1998 THROUGH AUG. 31, 2000 42
- 9 VALUE SHARES OF THE WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES BY APPLICATION, 2000 AND 2005 106
- 10 VALUE SHARES OF THE WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 2005 107
- 11 VALUE SHARES OF THE CMP MARKET BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 2005 120
- 12 VOLUME SHARES OF THE CMP MARKET BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 2005 120
- 13 VALUE SHARES OF THE ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2000 AND 2005 130
- 14 VOLUME SHARES OF THE ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2000 AND 2005 130
- 15 WORLD MAGNETIC FLUID SEALING MARKET, 2000 AND 2005 134
- 16 VALUE SHARES OF THE MAGNETIC RECORDING TAPE MARKET BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 2005 143
- 17 VOLUME SHARES OF THE MAGNETIC RECORDING TAPE MARKET BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 2005 144
- 18 VALUE SHARES OF THE MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITOR MARKET BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 2005 153
- 19 VOLUME SHARES OF THE MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITOR MARKET BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 2005 154
- 20 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN OPTICAL FIBER FABRICATION, 2000 AND 2005 158
- 21 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES AS ADVANCED PHOSPHORS, 2000 AND 2005 164
- 22 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN SOLAR CELL DEVICES, 2000 AND 2005 178
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