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SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
REASON FOR STUDY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
"Nano-", once a seldom-used prefix found in the back of scientifictextbooks, has moved into the industrial mainstream. Literally, "nano"represents 0.000000001, or 10-9, an extremely small quantity with enormousimplications for the miniaturization-driven technology of the twenty-firstcentury. Within the past two decades, a variety of terms sharing the prefix"nano-", such as nanoparticle, nanomaterial, nanophase, andnanostructured, have emerged to describe certain materials, technologies, andeven businesses; in fact, several firms listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange usethe prefix "nano-" in their company names. Although nano may not yetbe a household word, it is indeed well known within (and increasingly vital to)the advanced materials community and high-technology business sector. In partdue to the credibility and visibility imparted by the National NanotechnologyInitiative in early 2000, nanoterminology has become trendy, popular, andrepresentative of all that is high-tech in the materials world. In 1997, Business Communications Co., Inc. (BCC) published a seminaltechnical-market study of the nanomaterials field ? A report that defined thescope of the industry for the first time. Since then, the industry has witnessedmany changes: new entrants into the business; production scale-up efforts; newcommercialization strategies; and technological advancements. In light of thesedevelopments, BCC opted to take a fresh look at the industry and reevaluate theexisting and potential markets for nanoparticulate materials. The culmination ofthat research is a three-volume series of reports ? Without question the mostcomprehensive source of industry information and technical market data availabletoday on nanoparticulate materials. OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION This study fills a gap in the published literature on nanoparticles andnanostructured materials. Although numerous technical papers and overviewarticles address various aspects of nanomaterial technology, the literaturelacks a comprehensive, up-to-date, and realistic technical market assessment ofnanomaterials over a broad range of applications. This report, GM-201B, which ispart two of a three-volume series, examines in detail biomedical,pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications for nanoparticulate materials. Theprimary objectives of this study are to provide technological background,detailed industry information, and market data and forecasts through 2005,segmented by application and material type. AUDIENCE FOR THIS REPORT This report is a valuable resource for companies and organizations that are: involved in the commercialization of nanoparticulate materials and lookingfor new market opportunities;
interested in incorporating nanoparticles into new or existing products as anend user;
involved in nanomaterial research and development;
in search of licensing opportunities for their nanoparticle synthesis orprocessing technologies;
seeking partners for their commercialization efforts; and/or are
looking for venture capital investment opportunities.
SCOPE AND CONTENT OF THIS REPORT
Defined broadly, the term "nanostructured" is used to describematerials characterized by structural features of less than 100 nm in averagesize. All of the materials discussed in this report are inorganic particulatematerials of submicron or nanoscale crystallite sizes. Nanoparticulate ceramics,metals, alloys, and semiconductors in the form of dry powders, liquiddispersions, coatings, and bulk materials are considered. Carbon black powders,fullerenes, and nanotubes are beyond the scope of this study, as are polymericnanoparticles. Nanotechnology, the building of components atom by atom, andmicromachines are not covered here. The report begins with an Overview chapter that describes the various typesand forms of nanostructured materials and their properties, and the surprisinglyextensive history of the industry is detailed in a timeline. The Technologychapter presents an overview of vapor phase, wet-chemical, and solid-statetechniques in producing nanostructured particles, as well as dispersion,coating, compaction, and self-assembly technologies. Major researchers andinstitutions involved in nanoparticle studies are identified, and the chapterconcludes with an analysis of nanomaterials-related U.S. patents issued duringthe past 2 years. The Industry Structure chapter presents a who's-who of the nanomaterialsindustry. Major and minor companies from the U.S. and around the world areidentified and profiled, and nanoparticulate products, pricing,commercialization strategies and competition are discussed. The chapterconcludes with the identification of industrial recipients of nanomaterials-relatedgovernment funding awards during the past decade and a detailed collection ofcompany profiles. In the World Markets chapter, current and emerging biomedical,pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications for nanoparticles are identified andanalyzed. Within each application area, technological requirements, relevantproduction technology, companies involved, and the commercial status arediscussed. Finally, world markets for nanoparticles in each application area arepresented through 2005. Appendices provide listings of contact information for all of the industryparticipants, as well as detailed timelines of industry events (includingcompany foundings, moves, expansions, acquisitions, and collaborations),relevant U.S. patent data, and government funding awards. METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES The data in this report were obtained from both primary and secondarysources. Executives, engineers, managers, researchers, and salespeople fromcompanies and research institutions involved in the development, production,and/or usage of nanostructured materials were interviewed in the course of thisstudy. Other data were obtained from an exhaustive review of patent literatureand government databases, as well as scientific, trade, and business journals,and company literature. BCC newsletters, reports, and conferences providedadditional information. ANALYST CREDENTIALS Mindy N. Rittner, Ph.D., the author of this report, has been studyingnanoparticulate materials for nearly a decade, initially as a materialsresearcher and more recently as a market analyst. In addition to nanomaterials,Rittner follows other growing segments of the materials industry, includingmetal matrix composites, powder metallurgy, and sputtering target materials. Sheis the founder and editor of BCC's monthly newsletter, Nanoparticle News, andthe program chairwoman of BCC's annual nanopowder conference. Rittner earned herPh.D. from the Department of Materials Science at Northwestern University. TABLE OF CONTENTS
- REASON FOR STUDY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
- OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION
- SCOPE AND CONTENT OF THIS REPORT
- METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
OVERVIEWTECHNOLOGY- Gas Condensation with Thermal Evaporation
- Vacuum Evaporation on Running Liquids (VERL)
- Mechanochemical Synthesis
- PRODUCING STABLE DISPERSIONS
- PRODUCTION OF COATINGS, COMPONENTS, AND DEVICES
- Electrophoretic Deposition
- Comparison to Vapor-Deposition Techniques
- DIRECT PRODUCTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED COATINGS AND BULK SOLIDS
- Amorphous Crystallization
- Severe Plastic Deformation
- CONSOLIDATION OF NANOPARTICLES INTO COMPONENTS
- Dynamic-Magnetic Consolidation
- Field-Assisted Sintering Techniques
- Quasi-Isostatic Pressure Process
- SELF-ASSEMBLY OF NANOPARTICLES
- ?ricks-and-Mortar·ApproachOrders Gold Particles
- Micelles Enable Assembly of Nanolaminates
- Viral Biotemplate Organizes Nanometal Particles into Arrays
- Magnetic Nanoparticle Dispersions Self-Assemble into Ordered Arrays
- MAJOR PLAYERS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Trends by Emphasis: Production Versus Application
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE- COMMERCIALIZATION STRATEGIES
- INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION
- THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
- SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH (SBIR) AND SMALL BUSINESS TECHNOLOGYTRANSFER (STTR) PROGRAMS
- ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY PTY, LTD.
- ALTAIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- ADVANCED POWDER (AP) MATERIALS, INC.
- BAIKOWSKI INTERNATIONAL CORP.
- CABOT MICROELECTRONICS CORP.
- CONDUCTING MATERIALS CORP.
- EKA CHEMICALS
·COLLOIDALSILICA GROUP
- IDAHO TITANIUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- INVEST-TECHNOLOGIES, LTD.
- JOHNSON MATTHEY COLOURS & COATINGS DIVISION
- MALAKOFF INDUSTRIES, INC.
- MICROMOD PARTIKELTECHNOLOGIE GMBH
- NANOCRYSTALS TECHNOLOGY, LTD.
- NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP.
- NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
- NANOPOWDER ENTERPRISES, INC.
- NANOPOWDERS INDUSTRIES, INC.
- NANOSOURCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- NANOSCALE MATERIALS, INC.
- NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.
- NYACOL NANO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- NYMOX PHARMACEUTICAL CORP.
- PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- SUMITOMO OSAKA CEMENT CO., LTD.
- SUPERCONDUCTIVE COMPONENTS, INC.
- UM RESEARCH NORTH AMERICA
- VACUUM METALLURGICAL CO., LTD.
WORLD MARKETS- MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION
- Segmentation in Terms of Value
- Segmentation in Terms of Volume
- MARKET SEGMENTATION BY MATERIAL TYPE
- Segmentation in Terms of Value
- Segmentation in Terms of Volume
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements
- Commercial and Regulatory Status
- BIOLOGICAL DETECTION AND LABELING
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements
- Commercial and Regulatory Status
- Emerging Technologies and Applications
- New Technological Developments
- Continuous-Flow Process Yields Nanocrystals for Biodetection
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements
- Commercial and Regulatory Status
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements
- Commercial and Regulatory Status
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) CONTRAST AGENTS
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements
- Commercial and Regulatory Status
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements
- Commercial and Regulatory Status
- New Technological Developments
- Implant Coatings Formed in Low-Energy Process
- High-Strength Bioceramic Obtained from Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders
- SUNSCREENS AND UV-PROTECTIVE COSMETICS
- Materials, Production, and Technical Requirements
- Commercial and Regulatory Status
- Recent Technological Developments
- Hydrothermal Process To Form Rutile TiO2 Advanced by DuPont
- Coated Particles Exhibit Dispersion Stability Even at High LoadingLevels
APPENDIX A: COMPANY CONTACT INFORMATION- ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY PTY, LTD.
- ALTAIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- ADVANCED POWDER (AP) MATERIALS, INC.
- BAIKOWSKI INTERNATIONAL CORP.
- CABOT MICROELECTRONICS CORP.
- CONDUCTING MATERIALS CORP.
- DUPONT AIR PRODUCTS NANOMATERIALS, LLC
- IDAHO TITANIUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- MAGNETIC MATERIALS DIVISION
- MALAKOFF INDUSTRIES, INC.
- MICROMOD PARTIKELTECHNOLOGIE GMBH
- NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP.
- NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
- NANOPOWDER ENTERPRISES, INC.
- NANOPOWDERS INDUSTRIES, INC.
- NANOSOURCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.
- NISSAN CHEMICAL AMERICA CORP.
- NYACOL NANO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- NYMOX PHARMACEUTICAL CORP.
- PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
APPENDIX B: COMPANY FOUNDINGS, ACQUISITIONS, AND MERGERSAPPENDIX C: COMPANY MOVES AND EXPANSIONSAPPENDIX D: COLLABORATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERAPPENDIX E: RELEVANT U.S. PATENTS ISSUED FROM SEPTEMBER 1, 1998 TO SEPTEMBER1, 2000APPENDIX F: GOVERNMENT FUNDING AWARDSAPPENDIX G: REFERENCES AND ENDNOTES
LIST OF TABLES SUMMARY TABLE:
TOTAL WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL ANDCOSMETIC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 20051 SUMMARY OF PROPERTY CHANGES AT THE NANOCRYSTALLINE-SIZE SCALE2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A COMMERCIALLY VIABLE NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTIONMETHOD3 OVERVIEW OF NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTION METHODS4 PARTICLE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPANIES USING THEM5 STEPS IN THE DISPERSION PROCESS6 COMPARISON OF COATING TECHNOLOGIES7 MAJOR PLAYERS IN NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THEU.S. AND CANADA8 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS AWARDED THREE OR MORE NANOMATERIAL-RELATEDPATENTS9 COMPANIES WORLDWIDE INVOLVED IN NANOPARTICLE DEVELOPMENT OR PRODUCTION10 NANOMATERIALS COMPANIES WITH ROOTS IN ACADEMIC OR GOVERNMENT LABORATORIES11 FACTORS THAT IMPACT THE PRICING OF NANOPARTICLES12 NANOMATERIAL-RELATED ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM AWARDS, THROUGH 200013 RECIPIENTS OF THREE OR MORE NANOMATERIALS-RELATED PHASE I SBIR/STTRAWARDS, THROUGH 199914 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL, ANDCOSMETIC APPLICATIONS; SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION IN TERMS OF VALUE, THROUGH200515 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL, ANDCOSMETIC APPLICATIONS, SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION IN TERMS OF VOLUME, THROUGH200516 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL ANDCOSMETIC APPLICATIONS, SEGMENTATION BY MATERIAL TYPE IN TERMS OF VALUE,THROUGH 200517 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL, ANDCOSMETIC APPLICATIONS, SEGMENTATION BY MATERIAL TYPE IN TERMS OF VOLUME,THROUGH 200518 REQUIREMENTS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL COATINGS19 TIMELINE OF REGULATORY APPROVALS FOR WESTAIM BIOMEDICAL?ANTIMICROBIAL SILVER FILMS20 REPRESENTATIVE ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCTS UNDERGOING COMMERCIALIZATION21 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ANTIMICROBIAL SILVER APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 200522 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS23 RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS THAT USE GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS LABELS24 COMPANIES DEVELOPING NANOPARTICULATE PRODUCTS FOR BIODETECTION ANDLABELING25 COMPARISON BETWEEN QUANTUM DOT CORPORATION? QDOTSAND CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC DYES26 COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF NANOPARTICLE LABELS UNDER DEVELOPMENT27 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIODETECTION AND LABELINGAPPLICATIONS, THROUGH 200528 PRODUCERS OF SUPERPARAMAGNETIC MICROSPHERES FOR BIOLOGICAL SEPARATIONAPPLICATIONS29 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMAGNETIC SEPARATIONS, THROUGH 200530 CRITERIA FOR A PARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY VEHICLE31 COMPANIES ACTIVE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INORGANIC PARTICLES FORDRUG-DELIVERY APPLICATIONS32 STATUS OF COMPANIES DEVELOPING DRUG-CARRIER TECHNOLOGIES33 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG-DELIVERY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH200534 TYPES OF CONTRAST AGENTS USED FOR MRI IMAGING35 SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE CONTRAST MEDIA: REGULATORY AND MARKETINGSTATUS36 SALES OF MRI CONTRAST MEDIA, THROUGH 200437 MRI CONTRAST MEDIA SALES BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 200438 ADVANCED MAGNETICS·PRODUCTSALES AND OTHER REVENUE, 1995-200039 WORLD MARKETS FOR IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AS MRI CONTRAST AGENTS,THROUGH 200540 COMPANIES ACTIVE IN DEVELOPING NANOPARTICLE-BASED BIOACTIVE CERAMICS41 COMPETITION FOR SYNTHETIC BONE SUBSTITUTES42 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ORTHOPEDIC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 200543 SUNSCREEN INORGANIC AND ORGANIC ACTIVE INGREDIENTS44 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN UV-SHIELDING APPLICATIONS45 PRODUCERS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE AND ZINC OXIDE PARTICLES AND DISPERSIONS46 SUN-CARE AND DAILY CARE PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN NANOPARTICULATE ZINC OXIDEOR TITANIUM DIOXIDE*47 WORLD MARKET SHARES OF SUNSCREEN MANUFACTURERS, 199848 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN SUNSCREEN APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 200549 COMPANY FOUNDINGS, ACQUISITIONS AND MERGERS50 COMPANY MOVES AND EXPANSIONS51 COLLABORATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER52 COMPILATION OF U.S. PATENTS53 RELEVANT SBIR AND STTR AWARDS SPONSORED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE,1997 TO 200054 RELEVANT SBIR AND STTR AWARDS FROM 1991 TO 1996
LIST OF FIGURES SUMMARY FIGURE:
TOTAL WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL ANDCOSMETIC APPLICATIONS, 2000 AND 20051 QUALITATIVE DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETIC COERCIVITY (Hc) ON ULTRAFINE PARTICLESIZE2 TIMELINE OF INDUSTRY EVENTS3 SCHEMATIC OF THE MODIFIED VERL PROCESS TO PRODUCE METAL NANOSUSPENSIONS4 SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS FLOW CHART5 U.S. PATENT TRENDS BY COUNTRY6 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE7 SHARES OF PATENTS ISSUED BY EMPHASIS8 PATENT BREAKDOWN BY APPLICATION9 WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND COSMETICAPPLICATIONS, 2000 AND 200510 SHARES OF THE WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES BY APPLICATION, 2000 AND200511 SHARES OF THE WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND200512 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ANTIMICROBIAL APPLICATIONS, 2000 AND200513 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIODETECTION AND LABELING, 2000 AND200514 SHARES OF THE BIOLABELING MARKET BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 200515 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN MAGNETIC SEPARATIONS, 2000 AND 200516 TIMELINE OF NEW-DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS17 WORLD MARKETS FOR IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN MRI IMAGING, THROUGH 200518 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ORTHOPEDIC APPLICATIONS, 2000 AND 200519 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN SUNSCREEN APPLICATIONS, 2000 AND 200520 SHARES OF THE SUN-CARE MARKET BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 2005
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