Opportunities in Nanostructured Materials: Energy, Catalysis and Structural Applications

SUMMARY

This report, GB-201C, which is the final volume of athree-volume series, examines in detail energy, catalysis and structuralapplications for nanoparticulate materials. The primary objectives of this studyare to provide technological background, detailed industry information, andmarket data and forecasts through 2005, segmented by application and materialtype.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

"Nano-," once a seldom-used prefix found in theback of scientific textbooks, has moved into the industrial mainstream.Literally, "nano" represents 0.000000001, or 10^-9, anextremely small quantity with enormous implications for theminiaturization-driven technology of the twenty-first century. Within the pasttwo decades, a variety of terms sharing the prefix "nano-," such asnanoparticle, nanomaterial, nanophase, and nanostructured, have emerged todescribe certain materials, technologies, and even businesses; in fact, severalfirms listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange use the prefix "nano-" intheir company names. Although nano may not yet be a household word, it is indeedwell known within and increasingly vital to the advanced materials community andhigh-technology business sector. In part due to the credibility and visibilityimparted by the National Nanotechnology Initiative in early 2000,nanoterminology has become trendy, popular, and representative of all that ishigh-tech in the materials world.

In 1997, Business Communications Co. (BCC) published aseminal technical-market study of the nanomaterials field—a report thatdefined the scope of the industry for the first time. Since then, the industryhas witnessed many changes: new entrants into the business, production scale-upefforts; new commercialization strategies, and technological advancements. Inlight of these developments, BCC opted to take a fresh look at the industry andreevaluate the existing and potential markets for nanoparticulate materials. Theculmination of that research is a three-volume series of reports, which iswithout question the most comprehensive source of industry information andtechnical-market data on nanoparticulate materials available today.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

This study fills a gap in the published literature onnanoparticles and nanostructured materials. Although numerous technical papersand overview articles address various aspects of nanomaterial technology, theliterature lacks a comprehensive, up-to-date, and realistic technical-marketassessment of nanomaterials over a broad range of applications.

This report is a valuable resource for companies and organizations that are:

• Involved in the commercialization of nanoparticulate materials and lookingfor new market opportunities,
• Interested in incorporating nanoparticles into new or existing products asan end user,
• Involved in nanomaterial research and development,
• In search of licensing opportunities for their nanoparticle synthesis orprocessing technologies,
• Seeking partners for their commercialization efforts, and
• Looking for venture capital investment opportunities.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

Defined broadly, the term "nanostructured" is usedto describe materials characterized by structural features of less than 100 nmin average size. All of the materials discussed in this report are inorganicparticulate materials of submicron or nanoscale crystallite sizes.Nanoparticulate ceramics, metals, alloys, and semiconductors in the form of drypowders, liquid dispersions, coatings, and bulk materials are considered. Carbonblack powders, fullerenes and nanotubes are beyond the scope of this study, asare polymeric nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, the building of components atom byatom, and micromachines are not covered here.

The report begins with an Industry Overview chapter thatdescribes the various types and forms of nanostructured materials and theirproperties, and the surprisingly extensive history of the industry is detailedin a timeline. The Technology chapter presents an overview of vapor phase, wetchemical, and solid-state techniques for producing nanostructured particles, aswell as dispersion, coating, compaction, and self-assembly technologies. Majorresearchers and institutions involved in nanoparticle studies are identified,and the chapter concludes with an analysis of nanomaterials-related U.S. patentsissued during the past two years.

The Industry Structure chapter presents a"who's-who" of the nanomaterials industry. Major and minor companiesfrom the U.S. and around the world are identified and profiled, andnanoparticulate products, pricing, commercialization strategies and competitionare discussed. The chapter concludes with the identification of industrialrecipients of nanomaterials-related government funding awards during the pastdecade and a detailed collection of company profiles.

In the World Markets chapter, current and emerging energy,catalysis and structural applications for nanoparticles are identified andanalyzed. Within each application area, technological requirements, relevantproduction technology, companies involved and the commercial status arediscussed. Finally, world markets for nanoparticles in each application area arepresented through 2005.

Appendices provide listings of contact information for all ofthe industry participants, as well as detailed timelines of industry events(including company foundings, moves, expansions, acquisitions andcollaborations), relevant U.S. patent data, and government funding awards.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

The data in this report were obtained from both primary andsecondary sources. Executives, engineers, managers, researchers, and salespeoplefrom companies and research institutions involved in the development,production, and/or usage of nanostructured materials were interviewed in thecourse of this study. Other data were obtained from an exhaustive review ofpatent literature and government databases, as well as scientific, trade, andbusiness journals and company literature. BCC newsletters, reports, andconferences provided additional information.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
SCOPE AND FORMAT
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS
RELATED BCC REPORTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

TERMINOLOGY
PRODUCTS AND PROPERTIES
CATALYTIC
ELECTRICAL
MAGNETIC
MECHANICAL
OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

TECHNOLOGY

PARTICLE PRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
GAS-PHASE PROCESSING
Gas Condensation with Thermal Evaporation
Vacuum Evaporation on Running Liquids (VERL)
Thermal Plasma Synthesis
Combustion Synthesis
WET CHEMICAL PROCESSES
Chemical Precipitation
Hydrothermal Processing
Sol-Gel Processing
Thermochemical Synthesis
Sonochemical Synthesis
Hydrodynamic Cavitation
SOLID-STATE PROCESSES
High-Energy Milling
Mechanochemical Synthesis
PRODUCING STABLE DISPERSIONS
PRODUCTION OF COATINGS, COMPONENTS, AND DEVICES
SLURRY-COATING ROUTES
Dip Coating
Spin Coating
Electrophoretic Deposition
Jet-Printing Process
Comparison to Vapor Deposition Techniques
Thermal Spray Coating
DIRECT PRODUCTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED COATINGS AND BULK SOLIDS
Electrodeposition
Amorphous Crystallization
Severe Plastic Deformation
CONSOLIDATION OF NANOPARTICLES INTO COMPONENTS
Dynamic-Magnetic Consolidation
Field-Assisted Sintering Techniques
Quasi-Isostatic Pressure Process
Shockwave Compaction
Sinter-Forging
SELF-ASSEMBLY OF NANOPARTICLES
TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
"Bricks-and-Mortar" Approach Orders Gold Particles
Micelles Enable Assembly of Nanolaminates
Viral Biotemplate Organizes Nanometal Particles into Arrays
Magnetic Nanoparticle Dispersions Self-Assemble into Ordered Arrays
MAJOR PLAYERS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. PATENT ANALYSIS
Introduction
Trends by Country
Trends by Assignee
Trends by Emphasis: Production Versus Application

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

PRODUCERS
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
NANOPARTICLE PRICING
COMMERCIALIZATION STRATEGIES
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION
U.S. GOVERNMENT FUNDING
THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
Background
Relevant Awards
SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH (SBIR) AND SMALL BUSINESS TECHNOLOGYTRANSFER (STTR) PROGRAMS
Background
Relevant Awards
COMPANY PROFILES
ADVANCED MAGNETICS, INC.
ADVANCED POWDER (AP) MATERIALS, INC.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY PTY, LTD.
ALCOA WORLD CHEMICALS
ALTAIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ARGONIDE CORP.
AVEKA, INC.
BAIKOWSKI INTERNATIONAL CORP.
BANGS LABORATORIES, INC.
BASF CORP.
BAYER CORP.
BIOSANTE PHARMACEUTICALS
CABOT CORP.
CABOT MICROELECTRONICS CORP.
CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CLARIANT CORP.
CONDUCTING MATERIALS CORP.
CYTIMMUNE SCIENCES, INC.
DEGUSSA CORP.
DMC2
DOW CHEMICAL
DOWA MINING CO., LTD.
DUPONT AIR PRODUCTS NANOMATERIALS LLC
DYNAL BIOTECH ASA
EKA CHEMICALS?f COLLOIDAL SILICA GROUP
EKC TECHNOLOGY, INC.
ELEMENTIS SPECIALTIES
FERRO CORP.
FERROFLUIDICS CORP
FERX, INC.
FUJIMI CORP.
IDAHO TITANIUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
INFRAMAT CORP.
INVEST-TECHNOLOGIES, LTD.
ISHIHARA CORP.
ISK MAGNETICS
JOHNSON MATTHEY COLOURS & COATINGS DIVISION
KEMIRA PIGMENTS OY
MACH I
MICROMOD PARTIKELTECHNOLOGIE GMBH
MOYCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NALCO CHEMICAL CO.
NANOCOR, INC.
NANOCRYSTALS TECHNOLOGY, LTD.
NANOGATE GMBH
NANOGRAM CORP.
NANOMAGNETICS, LTD.
NANOMAT, INC.
NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH LLC AND NANOENERGY CORP.
NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
NANOPOWDER ENTERPRISES, INC.
NANOPOWDERS INDUSTRIES, INC.
NANOPROBES, INC.
NANOSCALE MATERIALS, INC., FORMERLY NANTEK, INC.
NANOSONIC, INC.
NANOSOURCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NANOSPHERE, INC.
NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NEXTECH MATERIALS, INC.
NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.
NOVAGEN, INC.
NUCRYST PHARMACEUTICALS CORP., FORMERLY WESTAIM BIOMEDICAL CORP.
NYACOL NANO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NYCOMED AMERSHAM IMAGING
NYMOX PHARMACEUTICAL CORP.
OMG AMERICAS
ORTHOVITA, INC.
OXONICA, FORMERLY NANOX, LTD.
PARTISYN CORP.
POLYSCIENCES, INC.
PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
QUANTUM DOT CORP.
RODEL, INC.
SACHTLEBEN CHEMIE
SCHERING AG
SHOWA DENKO K.K.
SOLARONIX
SOLAVEIL
SUMITOMO OSAKA CEMENT CO., LTD.
SUNSMART, INC.
SUPERCONDUCTIVE COMPONENTS, INC.
TAL MATERIALS, INC.
TAYCA CORP.
TETRONICS, LTD.
TOTO, LTD.
TPL, INC.
TRY COMPANY
UM RESEARCH NORTH AMERICA
US NANOCORP, INC.
VACUUM METALLURGICAL CO., LTD.

WORLD MARKETS

INTRODUCTION
WORLD MARKETS OVERVIEW
MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION
Segmentation in Terms of Value
Segmentation in Terms of Volume
MARKET SEGMENTATION BY MATERIAL TYPE
Segmentation in Terms of Value
Segmentation in Terms of Volume
DETAILED MARKET ANALYSIS
AUTOMOTIVE CATALYSTS
Background
Materials, Production And Technical Requirements
Commercial Status
Recent Technological Developments
Composite Oxide Catalyst Resists Heat
Rhodia Produces Ceria
World Markets
CERAMIC MEMBRANES
Background
Materials, Production and Technical Requirements
Commercial Status
New Technological Developments
Praxair Exploits Nanocrystalline Surface Structure to Improve O2 Flux
World Markets
FUEL CELLS
Background
Materials, Production and Technical Requirements
Reformer Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells
Water-Gas-Shift Catalysts for PEM Cells
PEM Catalyst Electrodes
Electrolyte and Electrode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)
Commercial Status
New Technological Developments
Support Chemistry Impacts Catalytic Metal Dispersion
Adding Moly to Platinum Improves CO Tolerance of Electrocatalyst
SOFC Material Mismatch Problem Solved With YSZ
World Markets
PHOTOCATALYTIC AND CHEMICAL DECONTAMINATION
Background
Materials, Production and Technical Requirements
Commercial Status
Developments in Japan
Developments in North America and Elsewhere
Recent Technological Developments
Optical Fibers Remotely Transmit Light to Photocatalytic Coating
Mitsui Mining & Smelting Forms Photocatalyst from ZnO
Coated Photocatalytic Particles Activated by Visible Light
World Markets
PROPELLANTS, PYROTECHNICS AND EXPLOSIVES
Background
Materials, Production and Technical Requirements
Commercial Status
New Technological Developments
Solution Chemistry Yields Nanoscale Aluminum
Aluminum Nanopowder Nearly Doubles Burn Rate of Gun Propellants
World Markets
SCRATCH-RESISTANT COATINGS
Background
Materials, Production And Technical Requirements
Commercial Status
New Technological Developments
Composite Nanoparticles Improve Clearcoat Properties
World Markets
STRUCTURAL CERAMICS
Background
Materials, Production and Technical Requirements
Commercial Status
New Technological Developments
Dense Zirconia Ceramics Formed From CVS Nanopowders
World Markets
THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS
Background
Materials, Production and Technical Requirements
Commercial Status
New Technological Developments
Plasma-Sprayed TiO2 Coatings Decontaminate Hazardous Chemicals
Data Show Thermal Spray Coating Wear Resistance Increased Using AgglomeratedNanoparticle Feedstock
Batteries Formed From Sprayed Electrodes
World Markets

APPENDIX A: COMPANY CONTACT INFORMATION

ADVANCED MAGNETICS, INC.
ADVANCED POWDER (AP) MATERIALS, INC.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY PTY, LTD.
ALCOA WORLD CHEMICALS
ALTAIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ARGONIDE CORP.
BAIKOWSKI INTERNATIONAL CORP.
BANGS LABORATORIES, INC.
BASF CORP.
BAYER CORP.
BIOSANTE PHARMACEUTICALS
CABOT CORP.
CABOT MICROELECTRONICS CORP.
CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CLARIANT CORP.
CONDUCTING MATERIALS CORP.
CYTIMMUNE SCIENCES, INC.
DEGUSSA AG
DEGUSSA CORP.
DOWA MINING CO., LTD.
DUPONT AIR PRODUCTS NANOMATERIALS, LLC
DYNAL BIOTECH AS
EKA CHEMICALS AB
EKC TECHNOLOGY, INC.
ELEMENTIS SPECIALTIES
FERRO CORP.
FERROFLUIDICS CORP.
FERX, INC.
FUJIMI CORP.
IDAHO TITANIUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
INFRAMAT CORP.
INVEST-TECHNOLOGIES
ISHIHARA CORP.
ISHIHARA SANGYO KAISHA
KEMIRA PIGMENTS OY
MACH I
MICROMOD PARTIKELTECHNOLOGIE GMBH
MOYCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NALCO CHEMICAL CO.
NANOCOR, INC.
NANOCRYSTALS TECHNOLOGY
NANOGATE GMBH
NANOGRAM CORP.
NANOMAGNETICS, LTD.
NANOMAT, INC.
NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH LLC
NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
NANOPOWDER ENTERPRISES, INC.
NANOPOWDERS INDUSTRIES, INC.
NANOPROBES, INC.
NANOSCALE MATERIALS, FORMERLY NANTEK, INC.
NANOSONIC, INC.
NANOSOURCE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NANOSPHERE, INC.
NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NEXTECH MATERIALS, INC.
NISSAN CHEMICAL AMERICA CORP.
NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.
NOVAGEN, INC.
NYACOL NANO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NYCOMED AMERSHAM IMAGING
NYMOX PHARMACEUTICAL CORP.
OXONICA, FORMERLY NANOX, LTD.
PARTISYN CORP.
PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
QUANTUM DESIGN
QUANTUM DOT CORP.
RODEL, INC.
SACHTLEBEN CHEMIE
SCHERING AG
SHOWA DENKO K.K.
SOLARONIX
SOLAVEIL
SUMITOMO OSAKA CEMENT, INC.
TAL MATERIALS, INC.
TAYCA CORP.
TITAN KOGYO K.K.
TOTO, LTD.
TPL, INC.
US NANOCORP, INC.

APPENDIX B: COMPANY FOUNDINGS, ACQUISITIONS, AND MERGERS
APPENDIX C: COMPANY MOVES AND EXPANSIONS
APPENDIX D: COLLABORATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
APPENDIX E: RELEVANT U.S. PATENTS ISSUED FROM SEPTEMBER 1, 1998 TO SEPTEMBER 1,2000
APPENDIX F: GOVERNMENT FUNDING AWARDS
APPENDIX G: REFERENCES AND ENDNOTES  

LIST OF TABLES  

SUMMARY TABLE:
TOTAL WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ENERGY, CATALYTIC AND STRUCTURALAPPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2005
1 SUMMARY OF PROPERTY CHANGES AT THE NANOCRYSTALLINE-SIZE SCALE
2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A COMMERCIALLY VIABLE NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTION METHOD
3 OVERVIEW OF NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTION METHODS
4 PARTICLE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPANIES USING THEM
5 STEPS IN THE DISPERSION PROCESS
6 COMPARISON OF COATING TECHNOLOGIES
7 MAJOR PLAYERS IN NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE U.S.AND CANADA
8 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS AWARDED THREE OR MORE NANOMATERIAL-RELATED PATENTS
9 COMPANIES WORLDWIDE INVOLVED IN NANOPARTICLE DEVELOPMENT OR PRODUCTION
10 NANOMATERIALS COMPANIES WITH ROOTS IN ACADEMIC OR GOVERNMENT LABORATORIES
11 FACTORS THAT IMPACT THE PRICING OF NANOPARTICLES
12 NANOMATERIAL-RELATED ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM AWARDS, THROUGH 2003
13 RECIPIENTS OF THREE OR MORE NANOMATERIALS-RELATED PHASE I SBIR/STTR AWARDS,1991-1999
14 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ENERGY, CATALYSIS, AND STRUCTURALAPPLICATIONS, SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION IN TERMS OF VALUE, THROUGH 2005
15 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ENERGY, CATALYSIS, AND STRUCTURALAPPLICATIONS, SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION IN TERMS OF VOLUME, THROUGH 2005
16 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ENERGY, CATALYSIS AND STRUCTURALAPPLICATIONS, SEGMENTATION BY MATERIAL TYPE IN TERMS OF VALUE, THROUGH 2005
17 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ENERGY, CATALYSIS AND STRUCTURALAPPLICATIONS, SEGMENTATION BY MATERIAL TYPE IN TERMS OF VOLUME, THROUGH 2005
18 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA CATALYST SUPPORT POWDERS
19 TRENDS IN AUTOMOTIVE CATALYST DEVELOPMENT
20 REPRESENTATIVE CATALYST SUPPORT POWDER AND CATALYTIC METAL PARTICLE LOADINGLEVELS
21 TRENDS AFFECTING THE AUTOMOTIVE CATALYST MARKET
22 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN AUTOMOTIVE CATALYST APPLICATIONS IN TERMSOF VOLUME, THROUGH 2005
23 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN AUTOMOTIVE CATALYST APPLICATIONS IN TERMSOF VALUE, THROUGH 2005
24 DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF INORGANIC MEMBRANES
25 MAJOR SUPPLIERS OF CERAMIC MEMBRANES
26 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN CERAMIC MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OFVOLUME, THROUGH 2005
27 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN CERAMIC MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OFVALUE, THROUGH 2005
28 COMPARISON OF PT/CERIA CATALYTIC MONOLITHS WITH STATE-OF-THE-ARTWATER-GAS-SHIFT REACTORS
29 TYPES AND FUNCTION OF NANOPARTICLES BEING EXPLORED FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS
30 FUEL CELL STACK MANUFACTURERS
31 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF VOLUME,THROUGH 2005
32 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF VALUE,THROUGH 2005
33 PRODUCERS OF ULTRAFINE ANATASE TITANIUM DIOXIDE
34 JAPANESE PATENTS RELATED TO PHOTOCATALYSIS TECHNOLOGY
35 SBIR AWARDS RELATED TO PHOTOCATALYTIC AND CHEMICAL DECONTAMINATION
36 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN PHOTOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OFVOLUME, THROUGH 2005
37 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN PHOTOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OFVALUE, THROUGH 2005
38 SBIR PROJECTS RELATED TO THE USE OF NANOPOWDER IN PROPELLANT APPLICATIONS
39 COMPANIES ACTIVE IN DEVELOPING OR PRODUCING NANOALUMINUM FOR ENERGETICAPPLICATIONS
40 PRODUCERS OF NANOSCALE OR SUBMICRON IRON OXIDE FOR PROPELLANT AND OTHERAPPLICATIONS
41 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN PROPELLANT AND ENERGETICS APPLICATIONS INTERMS OF VOLUME, THROUGH 2005
42 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN PROPELLANT AND ENERGETICS APPLICATIONS INTERMS OF VALUE, THROUGH 2005
43 CURRENT AND POTENTIAL ABRASION-RESISTANT COATING APPLICATIONS FORNANOPARTICLES
44 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN SCRATCH-RESISTANT COATING APPLICATIONS INTERMS OF VOLUME, THROUGH 2005
45 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN SCRATCH-RESISTANT COATING APPLICATIONS INTERMS OF VALUE, THROUGH 2005
46 BENEFITS AND SHORTCOMINGS OF VARIOUS CERAMIC DENSIFICATION TECHNIQUES WHENAPPLIED TO NANOPOWDERS
47 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN STRUCTURAL CERAMIC APPLICATIONS IN TERMSOF VOLUME, THROUGH 2005
48 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN STRUCTURAL CERAMIC APPLICATIONS IN TERMSOF VALUE, THROUGH 2005
49 PRIMARY MATERIALS OF INTEREST FOR THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS PRODUCED FROMNANOPARTICULATE FEEDSTOCK
50 COMPANIES ACTIVE IN COMMERCIALIZING NANOPOWDERS FOR THERMAL SPRAYAPPLICATIONS
51 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN THERMAL SPRAY COATING APPLICATIONS INTERMS OF VOLUME, THROUGH 2005
52 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN THERMAL SPRAY COATING APPLICATIONS INTERMS OF VALUE, THROUGH 2005
53 COMPANY FOUNDINGS, ACQUISITIONS AND MERGERS
54 COMPANY MOVES AND EXPANSIONS
55 COLLABORATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
56 COMPILATION OF U.S. PATENTS
57 RELEVANT SBIR AND STTR AWARDS SPONSORED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, THROUGH2000
58 RELEVANT SBIR AND STTR AWARDS, THROUGH 1996  

LIST OF FIGURES  

SUMMARY FIGURE:
TOTAL WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ENERGY, CATALYTIC AND STRUCTURALAPPLICATIONS, 2000 AND 2005
1 QUALITATIVE DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETIC COERCIVITY (Hc) ON ULTRAFINE PARTICLE SIZE
2 TIMELINE OF INDUSTRY EVENTS, 1920-2000
3 SCHEMATIC OF THE MODIFIED VERL PROCESS TO PRODUCE METAL NANOSUSPENSIONS
4 SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS FLOW CHART
5 U.S. PATENT TRENDS BY COUNTRY
6 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE
7 SHARES OF PATENTS ISSUED BY EMPHASIS
8 APPLICATIONS-RELATED PATENT BREAKDOWN
9 WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN ENERGY, CATALYSIS, AND STRUCTURALAPPLICATIONS, 2000 AND 2005
10 SHARES OF THE WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES BY APPLICATION IN TERMS OFVALUE, 2000 AND 2005
11 SHARES OF THE WORLD MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2000 AND 2005
12 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN AUTOMOTIVE CATALYST APPLICATIONS IN TERMSOF VALUE, 2000 AND 2005
13 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN CERAMIC MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OFVALUE, 2000 AND 2005
14 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF VALUE,2000 AND 2005
15 AUTOMOTIVE SIDE MIRROR COATED WITH PHOTOCATALYTIC TITANIUM DIOXIDE FILM*
16 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN PHOTOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OFVALUE, 2000 AND 2005
17 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN PROPELLANT AND ENERGETICS APPLICATIONS INTERMS OF VALUE, 2000 AND 2005
18 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN SCRATCH-RESISTANT COATING APPLICATIONS, INTERMS OF VALUE 2000 AND 2005
19 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN STRUCTURAL CERAMIC APPLICATIONS IN TERMSOF VALUE, THROUGH 2005
20 WORLD MARKETS FOR NANOPARTICLES IN THERMAL SPRAY COATING APPLICATIONS INTERMS OF VALUE, THROUGH 2005