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SUMMARY
EUROPE's WATER SECTOR: Potential for real growth
Europe's water sector has stronger fundamentals than any other regional water
market. The combination of high tariffs, increased regulatory standards and
generous EU funding gives it a solid foundation for growth over the next
decade.
Water Market Europe investigates the size, structure and potential of the
water and wastewater sector in 45 countries across Europe and the former
Soviet Union. It is an essential reference work for anyone planning corporate
strategy in the region over the decade until 2015. It has answers to the key
questions:
- Which markets are growing fastest?
- Which are the richest markets in terms of capital expenditure?
- How can one make the most of the implementation of the Water Framework
Directive?
- What opportunities are being thrown up by the liberalisation of the
watersector?
- Are the oil economies of the former Soviet Union ready for development?
GWI's team of editors and contributors have spent more than 5,000 person-hours
researching the industry from Lisbon in the West to Almaty in the East to make
Water Market Europe the most comprehensive report on the continent's water
sector. Running to more than 400 pages filled with key data, commentary,
expert analysis and market-by-market forecasts, it is an essential information
tool for all businesses looking to profit from the strength of the continent's
water sector.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Chapter 1 - Overview
- 1.1 Report structure
- 1.2 Water market drivers
- Market drivers: EU water legislation
- The status of water infrastructure
- Western Europe
- Figure 1.1 Water performance data in Western Europe
- EU Central & Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.2: Water performance data for EU Central and Eastern Europe
- Other Central & Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.3: Water performance data for other Eastern and Central Europe
- Market responses: Capital and operating spending
- Figure 1.4: Western Europe: Water sector capital and operating
expenditure forecasts 2006-2015 (€ million)
- Figure 1.5: EU Central & Eastern Europe: Water sector capital and
operating expenditure forecasts 2006-2015 (€ million)
- Other Central & Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.6: Other Central & Eastern Europe: Water sector capital and
operating expenditure forecasts 2006-2015 (€ million)
- Tariffs and Cost Recovery
- Figure 1.7: Water and wastewater tariffs in Western Europe
- Figure 1.8: Water and wastewater tariffs in EU Central & Eastern
Europe
- Other Central & Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.9: Water and wastewater tariffs in Other Central & Eastern
Europe
- 1.3 Wastewater
- Market Drivers: European Environmental Directives
- Status of wastewater services
- Figure 1.10: Wastewater performance indicators in Western Europe
- Figure 1.11: Wastewater performance indicators in EU Central &
Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.12: Untreated wastewater and wastewater collection in EU
Central and Eastern Europe
- Other Central & Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.13: Wastewater performance indicators in other Central and
Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.14: Untreated wastewater and wastewater collection in EU
Central and Eastern Europe
- Market responses: Capital and operating spending
- Western Europe
- Figure 1.15: Western Europe: Wastewater sector capital and operating
expenditure forecasts 2006-2015 (€ million)
- EU Central & Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.16: EU Central and Eastern Europe: Wastewater sector capital
expenditure forecasts 2006-2015 (€ million)
- Other Central & Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.17: Other Central & Eastern Europe: Wastewater sector
capital expenditure forecasts 2006-2015
- 1.4 Market Responses: EU costs and funding
- The Pre 2004 Member States - The EU Cohesion and Structural Funds
- Figure 1.18: Western Europe: Combined water and wastewater operating
costs 2005 - 2015 (€ million)
- Financing the New Member and Candidate States
- Capital spending
- Operations and maintenance spending
- Figure 1.19: EU Central and Eastern Europe: Combined water and
wastewater operating costs 2005 - 2015 (€ million)
- The other European countries
- Figure 1.20: Other Central and Eastern Europe: Combined water and
wastewater operating costs 2005 - 2015 (€ million)
- 1.5 The prognosis for the private sector
- Western Europe
- Figure 1.21: Western Europe: outlook for private sector participation in
water and wastewater
- EU Central & Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.22: EU Central and Eastern Europe: outlook for private sector
participation in water and wastewater
- Other Central & Eastern Europe
- Figure 1.23: Other Central and Eastern Europe: outlook for private
sector participation in water and wastewater
- Chapter 2 - EU Directives
- 2.1 The Environment DG and EU environmental legislation
- 2.2 Environment DG and environmental compliance
- 2.3 EU environmental directives
- Environmental Liability
- Integrated Pollution Prevention & Control
- Public Access to Environmental Information
- Landfill
- Waste incineration
- European Environment Agency
- Urban Waste Water Treament
- Figure 2.1: Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive conformity by country
- Bathing Water
- Water Framework Directive
- Priority Substances
- Drinking water
- Sewage sludge
- Figure 2.2: Allowable levels of metals in sewage sludge
- Figure 2.3: Compliance dates for recent and future EU accession countries
- 2.4 The opportunities created
- 2.5 The cost of compliance
- Compliance costs for the Pre 2004 Member States
- Figure 2.4: Estimates for compliance with the lead in drinking water
standard
- Figure 2.5: The original 15 Member States: current and anticipated
compliance programmes
- Figure 2.6: Cost of complying with the sewerage (Sew) and wastewater
(WW)treatment elements of the urban wastewater treatment directive,
estimated 1995-00 and forecast 2000-05 (1995 prices) (€ billion) 34
- Compliance costs for the new Member States
- Figure 2.7: The new Member States: Range of estimates for water &
wastewater compliance (€ billion)
- Figure 2.8: Overall estimates for accession states' environmental
compliance costs (€ billion)
- 2.6 How will the EU support this investment?
- The EU Cohesion Fund
- Figure 2.9: Environment spending (commitments - mainly water, wastewater
treatment, sewerage and waste management) (€ million) 36 Structural Funding
- Figure 2.10: Structural funding for Environment & Water in Objective
1 areas (€ million)
- 2.7 Financing the Accession Process
- ISPA
- PHARE
- Structural and Cohesion funding for the new Member States
- Bulgaria and Romania
- Figure 2.11: Annual funding for Bulgaria and Romania
- Figure 2.12: Timescale for complying with EU directives and the limit of
derogations
- Key: Compliance programme Limit of derogations
- 3.1 Investment opportunities in the European water sector
- 3.2 Utilities
- Figure 3.1: Listed companies owned by private equity companies
- Table 3.2: Listed equities involved in the European water &
wastewater utility markets
- Table 3.3: Listed water and multi utility equities
- 3.3 Systems and support services
- Table 3.4: Listed 'indirect play' equities involved in the European
water & wastewater systems & services markets
- SECTION 1 - WESTERN EUROPE
- Chapter 4 - Austria
- 4.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 4.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 4.3 Current Resource Situation
- 4.4 Water Production Facilities
- Figure 4.1: A selection of waterworks in Austria (OMWG data)
- 4.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 4.2: Quality of wastewater treatment
- Figure 4.3: Municipal WwTPs with capacity exceeding 150,000 inhabitant
units, by state
- 4.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 4.7 Tariffs
- 4.8 Finance
- Figure 4.4: Investment in the water and wastewater sectors
- Figure 4.5: Investment by region in € million by 2015
- 4.9 Government Strategy
- 4.10 Current and Future Projects
- 4.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 5 - Belgium 6
- 5.1 Sector Organisation and Structure
- Figure 5.1: Sector structure in Flanders
- Figure 5.2: Sector structure in Wallonia
- Figure 5.3: Sector structure in Brussels
- 5.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 5.3 Current Resource Situation
- 5.4 Water Treatment Facilities
- Figure 5.4: Production and consumption for the largest Belgian water
companies
- 5.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 5.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 5.7 Tariffs
- Figure 5.5: Tariffs for 75 m3 consumed
- 5.8 Finance
- 5.9 Governent Strategy
- 5.10 Current and Future Projects
- Figure 5.6: SPGE planned projects
- Figure 5.7: AIDE planned investments
- Figure 5.8: Aquafin projects in portfolio on 31 December 2004
- Figure 5.9: IBW planned investments:
- Figure 5.10: IGRETEC planned investments
- 5.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 6 - Denmark
- 6.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 6.2 Legal & Institutional Arrangements
- 6.3 Current Resources
- Figure 6.1: Water abstraction and consumption in Denmark 1991-2000.
- 6.4 Water Production Facilities
- 6.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 6.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 6.7 Tariffs
- 6.8 Finance
- 6.9 Government Strategy
- 6.10 Current and Future Projects
- 6.11 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 7 - Finland
- 7.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 7.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 7.3 Current Resource Situation
- 7.4 Water Production Facilities
- 7.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 7.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 7.7 Tariffs
- 7.8 Finance
- 7.9 Government Strategy
- 7.10 Current and Future Projects
- 7.11 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 8 - France
- 8.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- Figure 8.1: Number of services
- Figure 8.2: Régie management structure
- Figure 8.3: Concession management structure
- Figure 8.4: Affermage management structure.
- Figure 8.5: Operators' share of market (2003).
- Figure 8.6: Market distribution by population.
- 8.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 8.3 Current Resource Situation
- Table 8.7: Purpose of water abstraction
- Table 8.8: Abstraction sources
- Table 8.9: Water abstraction distribution by region
- 8.4 Water Production Facilities
- Figure 8.10: Water production centres by region
- Figure 8.11: Water production facilities treatment methods.
- 8.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 8.12: Number of sewage treatment facilities according to capacity.
- Figure 8.13: List of largest sewage treatment facilities.
- 8.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 8.7 Tariffs
- Table 8.14: Composition of tariff.
- Figure 8.15: Location tariffs for drinking water and sewerage in a
household consuming 120m3 annually (€2.68/m3 national average in 2002).
- 8.8 Finance
- Figure 8.16: Financial flow (million €s).
- Figure 8.17: Share of annual capital investment (million €s).
- Figure 8.18: Capital and operating expenditure by Region, 2001.
- 8.9 Government Strategy
- Figure 8.19: Years of contract renewals for larger French agglomerations.
- 8.10 Current and Future Projects
- 8.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 9 - Germany
- 9.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- Figure 9.1: Water extraction charges state by state
- Figure 9.2: Distribution of water companies by state (2001)
- Figure 9.3: Larger water associations
- Figure 9.4: Larger German water and wastewater companies with private
corporate structure
- Figure 9.5: Types of wastewater entity as a percentage of the German
total
- Figure 9.6: Wastewater sector corporate structure according to the
population number connected to the public wastewater system
- Figure 9.7: Changes in wastewater entity structure according to number
of people served
- Figure 9.8: Recent German wastewater transactions according to size
- 9.2 Legal & Institutional Arrangements 1
- 9.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 9.9: German water resource (2001)
- 9.4 Water Production Facilities
- Figure 9.10: German water production by state (2001)
- 9.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 9.11: Wastewater delivered into water courses in million m3 2001
(latest figures)
- 9.6 Key performance indicators
- 9.7 Tariffs
- Figure 9.12: Average drinking water prices in Germany 2003
- Figure 9.13: Wastewater charges weighted according to population covered
according to the freshwater method
- Figure 9.14: Wastewater charges weighted according to population covered
according to the split charge method, here the charge based on used fresh
water
- Figure 9.15: Wastewater charges weighted according to population covered
according to the split charge method, here the charge based on the rainwater
element
- 9.8 Finance
- Figure 9.16: Wastewater investment in € million
- 9.9 Government Strategy
- 9.10 Current and Future Projects
- Figure 9.17: Recent and ongoing investments
- 9.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 10 - Greece
- 10.1 Sector Organisation and Structure
- 10.2 Legal & Institutional Arrangements
- 10.3 Current Resource Situation
- Table 10.1: Water abstraction in the Attica region
- Table 10.2: Water potential and water use in Greek Regions (in million
m3 per annum)
- 10.4 Water Production Facilities
- 10.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 10.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 10.7 Tariffs
- 10.8 Finance
- 10.9 Government Strategy
- 10.10 Current and Future Projects
- 10.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 11 - Republic of Ireland
- 11.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 11.2 Legal & Institutional Arrangements
- 11.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 11.1: Water usage by sector.
- 11.4 Water Production Facilities
- Figure 11.2: Distribution of water services by type.
- 11.5 Sewerage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 11.3: Details of agglomerations served by a WwTP.
- Figure 11.4: Number of WwTPs by agglomeration size.
- 11.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 11.7 Tariffs
- 11.8 Finance
- 11.9 Government Strategy
- 11.10 Current and Future Projects
- 11.11 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 12 - Italy
- 12.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 12.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 12.3 Current Resource Situation
- 12.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 12.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 12.6 Tariffs
- 12.7 Finance
- 12.8 Government Strategy
- 12.9 Current and Future Projects
- Figure 12.1: Table of ATO plans, form of management chosen and
concessions awarded
- 12.10 Forecast and Predictions
- Chapter 13 - Luxembourg
- 13.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 13.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 13.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 13.1: Luxembourg Water Resources
- 13.4 Water Production Facilities
- 13.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 13.2: Biological sewage treatment facilities capacity (m3/h)
- 13.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 13.7 Tariffs
- 13.8 Finance
- 13.9 Government Strategy
- 13.10 Current and Future Projects
- 13.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 14 - The Netherlands
- 14.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 14.2 Institutional and Legal arrangements
- 14.3 Current Resource Situation
- 14.4 Water Production Facilities
- 14.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 14.1: WwTPs by region.
- 14.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 14.7 Tariffs
- Figure 14.2 Rates of drinking water prices to households in 2003.
- 14.8 Finance
- Figure 14.3: Water supply company costs (2003 benchmarking)
- 14.9 Government Strategy
- 14.10 Current and Future Projects
- 14.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 15 - Norway
- 15.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 15.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 15.3 Current Resource Situation
- 15.4 Water Production Facilities
- 15.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 15.1: No. of people connected to different types of treatment
plants (2000)
- 15.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 15.7 Tariffs
- Figure 15.2: Water treatment fees, for a private dwelling of 120 m3, by
county. 2004 (€)
- Figure 15.3: Wastewater treatment fees, for a private dwelling of 120
m3, by county. 2004 (€)
- 15.8 Finance
- Figure 15.4: Annual drinking water investments.Source: www.ssb.no
- Figure 15.5: Wastewater sector investments
- 15.9 Government Strategy
- 15.10 Current and Future Projects
- 15.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 16 - Portugal
- 16.1 Sector Organisation and Structure
- 16.2 Legal & Institutional Arrangements
- 16.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 16.1: Water demand.
- Figure 16.2: Water consumption by type of user (million m3/yr).
- 16.4 Water Production Facilities
- Figure 16.3: Population served by level of treatment.
- 16.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 16.4: Wastewater data
- 16.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 16.7 Tariffs
- Figure 16.5: EPAL tariffs (July 2005).
- Figure 16.6: Wastewater revenues.
- 16.8 Finance
- Figure 16.7: EU Cohesion Fund assistance.
- Figure 16.8: EU funded projects approved in 2003.
- 16.9 Government Strategy
- 16.10 Current and Future Projects
- Figure 16.9: AdP planned investment in multi-municipal companies with
AdP majority shareholdings (Investment €1,000s).
- 16.11 Forecasts and Predictions
- Chapter 17 - Spain
- 17.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- Figure 17.1: Spain's Autonomous Communities (CCAA)
- Figure 17.2: Spain's River Basins (Cuencas Hidrograficas)
- Figure 17.3: Spanish water companies
- 17.2 Legal & Institutional Arrangements
- 17.3 Current Resource Situation
- 17.4 Key Performance Indicators
- 17.5 Tariffs
- Figure 17.4: Water Consumption & Tariffs
- 17.6 Finance
- 17.7 Government Strategy
- Figure 17.5: The National Hydrological Plan 2001 - 2008
- 17.8 Current & Future Projects
- 17.9 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 18 - Sweden
- 18.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 18.2 Legal & Institutional Arrangements
- 18.3 Current Resource Situation
- 18.4 Water Production Facilities
- Table 18.1: Largest public water suppliers in Sweden (2003)
- 18.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Table 18.2: Largest municipal wastewater treatment plants in Sweden
(2003)
- 18.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 18.7 Tariffs
- 18.8 Finance
- 18.9 Government Strategy
- 18.10 Current and Future Projects
- 18.11 Forecasts and Predictions
- Chapter 19 - Switzerland
- 19.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 19.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 19.3 Current Resource Situation
- 19.4 Water Production Facilities
- Table 19.1: Waterworks in Switzerland
- 19.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 19.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 19.7 Tariffs
- 19.8 Finance
- 19.9 Government Strategy
- 19.10 Current and Future Projects
- 19.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 20 - United Kingdom
- 20.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- Figure 20.1: UK water and water and sewerage companies.
- Figure 20.2: Share of UK market between England & Wales, Scotland
and Northern Ireland.
- 20.2 Institutional and Legal Arrangements
- 20.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 20.3: Water abstraction in England & Wales.
- 20.4 Water Production Facilities
- Figure 20.4: Water production facilities in the UK.
- 20.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 20.5: Wastewater treatment facilities in the UK.
- 20.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 20.7 Tariffs
- Figure 20.6: Average price limits.
- Figure 20.7: Price limits for 2005-06 to 2009-10.
- Figure 20.8: Annual water and sewerage charges in Scotland.
- 20.8 Finance
- Figure 20.9: Overall projections of expenditure 2005-10 in England &
Wales
- Figure 20.10: Water and Sewerage revenues and spending in England and
Wales, 1990-04.
- 20.9 Government Strategy
- 20.10 Current and Future Projects
- 20.11 Predictions and Forecast
- SECTION 2 - EU CENTRAL & EASTERN
- EUROPE
- Chapter 21 - Bulgaria
- 21.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 21.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 21.3 Current Resource Situation
- 21.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 21.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 21.6 Tariffs
- Figure 21.1: Water tariff range (2003) in €/m3 without VAT
- Figure 21.2: Wastewater collection tariff (2003) in €/m3 without VAT
- Figure 21.3: Wastewater collection and treatment tariff (if WwTP is
operational) in €/m3 without VAT
- 21.7 Finance
- 21.8 Government Strategy
- 21.9 Current and Future Projects
- 21.10 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 22 - Cyprus
- 22.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 22.2 Legal & Institutional Arrangements
- 22.3 Current Resource Situation
- 22.4 Water Production Facilities
- 22.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 22.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 22.7 Tariffs
- 22.8 Finance
- 22.9 Government Strategy
- 22.10 Current and Future Projects
- 22.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 23 - Czech Republic
- 23.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- Figure 23.1: Czech Republic Concessions
- 23.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 23.3 Current Resource Situation
- 23.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 23.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 23.6 Tariffs
- Figure 23.2: Water tariff range (2005) in €/m3 (VAT included).
- Figure 23.3: Prague water tariff calculation for 2005.
- 23.7 Finance
- 23.8 Government Policy
- 23.9 Current and Future Projects
- 23.10 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 24 - Estonia
- 24.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 24.2 Institutional and Legal Arrangements
- 24.3 Current Resource Situation 249
- Figure 24.1: Water Abstraction (2000)
- 24.4 Water Production Facilities
- 24.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 24.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 24.7 Tariffs
- Figure 24.2: Tariffs for water and wastewater services in Tallinn in €/m3
- 24.8 Finance
- 24.9 Government Strategy
- 24.10 Current and Future Projects
- 24.11 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 25 - Hungary
- 25.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 25.2 Institutional and legal arrangements
- 25.3 Current Resource Situation
- 25.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- Figure 25.1: Number and type of sewage treatment plants
- 25.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 25.6 Tariffs
- Figure 25.2: Tariffs as of 01/01/2005 (€ per m3)
- 25.7 Finance
- 25.8 Government Strategy
- 25.9 Current and Future Projects
- 25.10 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 26 - Latvia
- 26.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 26.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 26.3 Current Resource Situation
- 26.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 26.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 26.6 Tariffs
- 26.7 Finance
- Figure 26.1: Investment plan and water sector operating costs for
2000-2015
- Figure 26.2: Investment plan for 2000-2006 (€ million/yr)
- 26.8 Government Strategy
- 26.9 Current and Future Projects
- 26.10 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 27 - Lithuania
- 27.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 27.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 27.3 Current Resource Situation
- 27.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 27.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 27.6 Tariffs
- 27.7 Finance
- 27.8 Current and Future Projects
- 27.9 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 28 - Malta
- 28.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 28.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 28.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 28.1: WSC Potable water production Aug 2003- July 2004.
- Figure 28.2: Water Sources (Potable and Non-potable Water).
- 28.4 Water Production Facilities
- Figure 28.3: Reverse Osmosis Plants Production Aug 2003-July 2004.
- 28.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 28.6 Key Performance Indicators
- 28.7 Tariffs
- Figure 28.4: Tariff structure.
- Figure 28.5: Volume of water being leaked from the system (ref 1)
- 28.8 Finance
- Figure 28.6: WSC Financial Performance.
- 28.9 Government Strategy
- 28.10 Current and Future Projects
- 28.11 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 29 - Poland
- 29.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 29.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 29.3 Current Resource Situation
- 29.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 29.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 29.6 Tariffs
- 29.7 Finance
- 29.8 Current and Future Projects
- 29.9 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 30 - Romania
- 30.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 30.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 30.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 30.1: Pollution classes of surface water
- Figure 30.2: Pollution of groundwater (percentage of groundwater volume
with pollutant content above the national standard)
- 30.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 30.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 30.6 Tariffs
- Figure 30.3: Tariffs by city
- 30.7 Finance
- 30.8 Government Strategy
- 30.8 Current and Future Projects
- 30.9 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 31 - Slovakia
- 31.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 31.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 31.3 Current Resource Situation
- 31.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 31.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 31.6 Tariffs
- 31.7 Finance
- 31.8 Government Strategy
- 31.9 Current and Future Projects
- 31.10 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 32 - Slovenia
- 32.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 32.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 32.3 Current Resource Situation
- 32.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 32.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 32.6 Tariffs
- Figure 32.1: Tariffs (in € per m3) as of 01/01/2005
- 32.7 Finance
- 32.8 Government Strategy
- 32.9 Current and Future Projects
- 32.10 Prediction and Forecast
- SECTION 3 - NON-EU CENTRAL & EASTERN
- EUROPE
- Chapter 33 - Albania
- 33.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 33.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 33.3 Current Resource Situation
- 33.4 Key Performance Indicators
- 33.5 Tariffs
- 33.6 Finance
- 33.7 Government Strategy
- 33.8 Current and Future Projects
- 33.9 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 34 - Armenia
- 34.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 34.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 34.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 34.1: Water consumed in 2003 (million m3/yr).
- 34.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 34.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 34.6 Tariffs
- Figure 34.2: Tariff levels
- 34.7 Finance and Government Strategy
- 34.8 Current and Future Projects
- 34.9 Prediction and Forecast
- Nagornyi Karabakh (Artsakh)
- Chapter 35 - Azerbaijan
- 35.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 35.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 35.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 35.1: Renewable water resources (on average for 1985-2000)
- Figure 35.2: Available water resources (an average for 1985-2000)
- 35.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 35.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 35.6 Tariffs
- Figure 35.3: Water and wastewater tariff range for areas outside Baku
(2005) in €/m3 (VAT excluded)
- Figure 35.4: Water tariff in Baku (2005) in €/m3 (VAT excluded)
- 35.7 Finance
- 35.8 Government Strategy
- 35.9 Current and Future Projects
- 35.10 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 36 - Belarus
- 36.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 36.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 36.3 Current Resource Situation
- 36.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 36.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 36.6 Tariffs
- 36.7 Finance
- 36.8 Government Strategy
- 36.9 Current and Future Projects
- 36.10 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 37 - Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)
- 37.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 37.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 37.3 Current Resource Situation
- 37.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 37.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 37.6 Tariffs
- 37.7 Finance
- 37.8 Government Strategy
- 37.9 Current and Future Projects
- 37.10 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 38 - Croatia
- 38.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 38.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 38.3 Current Resource Situation
- 38.3 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 38.4 Key Performance Indicators
- 38.5 Tariffs
- Figure 38.1: Water tariff range (2005) in €/m3 (VAT included)
- 38.6 Finance
- 38.7 Government Policy
- 38.8 Current and Future Projects
- 38.9 Predictions and Forecast
- Chapter 39 - Georgia
- 39.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 39.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 39.3 Current Resource Situation
- 39.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 39.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 39.6 Tariffs
- 39.7 Finances and Government Strategy
- 39.8 Current and Future Projects
- 39.9 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 40 - Kazakhstan
- 40.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 40.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 40.3 Current Resource Situation
- 40.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 40.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 40.6 Tariffs
- 40.7 Finance
- 40.8 Government Strategy
- 40.9 Current and Future Projects
- 40.10 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 41 - Kyrgyz Republic
- 41.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 41.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 41.3 Current Resource Situation
- 41.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 41.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 41.6 Tariffs
- 41.7 Finance
- 41.8 Government Strategy
- 41.9 Current and Future Projects
- 41.10 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 42 - FYR Macedonia
- 42.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 42.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 42.3 Current Resource Situation
- 42.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 42.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 42.6 Tariffs
- 42.7 Government Strategy
- 42.8 Current and Future Projects
- 42.9 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 43 - Moldova
- 43.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- Figure 43.1: Distribution of population with municipal utilities
- 43.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 43.3 Current Resource Situation
- 43.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 43.4 Key Performance Indicators
- Figure 43.2: Water production, billing and consumption.
- 43.5 Tariffs
- Figure 43.3: Water and wastewater tariffs in Moldova
- 43.6 Finance
- 43.7 Current and Future Projects
- 43.8 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 44 - Russian Federation
- 44.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 44.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 44.1 Water consumption by source 2003.
- Figure 44.2: Water consumption in 2003 by user
- Figure 44.3: Demand forecast for water by sector in km3
- Figure 44.4: Percentage of water samples from surface water resources
that did not correspond to the national standard, by federal district
- 44.4 Water Production Facilities
- Figure 44.5: Water intakes by district.
- Figure 44.6: Percentage of water samples from water network that did not
correspond to the national standard, by federal district
- 44.5 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 44.6 Key Performance Indicators (2003)
- 44.7 Tariffs
- Figure 44.7: Water and wastewater tariff combined
- 44.8 Finance
- 44.9 Government Strategy
- 44.10 Current and Future Projects
- 44.11 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 45 - Serbia & Montenegro
- 45.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 45.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 45.3 Current Resource Situation
- 45.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 45.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 45.6 Tariffs
- Figure 45.1: Tariffs as of 01/01/2005 for the largest cities* (€ per m3)
- 5.7 Finance
- 45.8 Government Strategy
- 45.9 Current and Future Projects
- 45.10 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 46 - Tajikistan
- 46.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 46.2 Key Performance Indicators
- 46.3 Tariffs
- 46.4 Current and Future Projects
- 46.5 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 47 - Turkmenistan
- 47.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- 47.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 47.3 Current Resource Situation
- Figure 47.1: Water Consumption by Sector
- 47.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 47.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 47.6 Tariffs
- 47.7 Government Strategy
- 47.8 Current and Future Projects
- 47.9 Prediction and Forecast
- Chapter 48 - Ukraine
- 48.1 Sector Organisation & Structure
- Figure 48.1: Type of ownership
- 48.2 Institutional & Legal Arrangements
- 48.3 Current Resource Situation
- 48.4 Sewage Treatment Facilities
- 48.5 Key Performance Indicators
- 48.6 Tariffs
- Figure 48.2: Tariff operational cost recovery
- 48.7 Finance
- Figure 48.3: Capital investment in water and wastewater systems by
source of financing in 2000- 2003
- 48.8 Government Strategy
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