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SUMMARY
The global desalination industry is set to grow from 39.9 million m3/d at the
beginning of 2006 to 64.3 million m3/d in 2010, and to 97.5 million m3/d in
2015. This represents a 61% increase in capacity over a five-year period, and
a 140% increase in capacity over a ten-year period. The compound annual growth
rate of installed capacity is around 9%. The compound annual growth rate of
the market for new capacity is around 13%. ⇒ Chapter 4
This expansion of capacity will entail capital investment totalling $25
billion by the end of 2010, or $56.4 billion by the end of 2015. On current
trends, it is expected that more than half of this capital will come from the
private sector. This means that desalination is more open to private sector
participation than any other part of the water industry. Desalination is also
the most hi-tech and therefore the most international part of the water
industry. ⇒ Chapter 4
The increase in capacity entails increased operating expenditure. This is
expected to rise from $6.5 billion in 2006 to $9.9 billion in 2010, and to
$14.8 billion in 2015. This suggests a total market value of $66 billion
between the beginning of 2006 and the end of 2010, and a total market value of
$126 billion by the end of 2015. The current annual value of the market
(including capital and operating expenditure) is in the region of $10.9
billion. These figures do not include the cost of capital. ⇒ Chapter 4
The main driver of the growth of the market for desalination is increased
water scarcity around the world. Scarcity is a function of growing demand for
water in situations where there is limited availability of natural renewable
resources. Water scarcity is exacerbated by population growth in areas of
limited natural resources such as the Gulf region, southern Spain and the
south west of the United States. Global warming has no predictable impact on
overall scarcity, although it is believed to increase the risk of both floods
and droughts. Water resources agencies must plan for these eventualities.
⇒ Chapter 2
With a cost of around $0.55/m3, desalination remains an expensive solution to
scarcity, in comparison to most existing water resources. However, as cheaper
alternatives to desalination become fully exploited, desalination is
increasingly becoming the next cheapest solution to water scarcity. It is
acknowledged that two cheaper alternatives remain largely underexploited:
water reuse and the reallocation of resources away from the agricultural
sector. The treatment of wastewater to potable standard is a cheaper process
than desalination, but the requirement that such water should only be used for
non-potable applications means that reuse projects often entail significant
investment in secondary distribution systems. The reallocation of water away
from agriculture could potentially eliminate the need for desalination
altogether, however in most countries it is politically unfeasible. ⇒
Chapters 2&3
Historically, the growth of the desalination industry has been seen to have
been driven by the falling cost of the process, from more than $10/m3 40 years
ago to a low price of $0.47/m3 today. This continuous downward trend cannot be
expected to continue uninterrupted in future, however. With an energy
consumption of 4.5kWh/m3 of product water (at a price of $0.05/kWh), energy
costs represent around 50% of the total cost of reverse osmosis desalination.
The greatest challenge for the industry is to increase the energy efficiency
of the process faster than the price of generating electricity from fossil
fuels rises. ⇒ Chapter 1
Over the period of the forecast, the following trends will be observed:
Membrane desalination will gradually take market share from thermal
desalination: reverse osmosis (and electrodialysis) currently represent
around 60% of the market. This will increase to 65% of the market by 2015.
⇒ Country chapters & chapter 4
Multiple effect distillation will take market share from multi-stage flash
technology within the thermal desalination sector. MED currently accounts
for 24% of thermal desalination. It is expected to account for 37% of the
thermal market by 2015. Large power and water projects in the Gulf region will
be the main driver of demand for thermal desalination. ⇒ Country chapters
& chapter 4
The market for desalination outside the Gulf will grow slightly faster than
the market in the Gulf. The Gulf desalination market represents 46% of
existing capacity, but it will make up 42% of new capacity built by 2015.
Although scarcity may be growing more quickly in other parts of the world, new
desalination markets such as China, the US and India have yet to develop the
political and financial models to deliver large-scale desalination projects
within a reasonable timeframe. ⇒ Country chapters & chapter 4
There will be a trend towards larger plants in both thermal and membrane
desalination. This reflects growing needs and economies of scale. Seawater
desalination will grow faster than brackish water desalination. ⇒ Country
chapters & chapter 4
Beyond 2015, the rate of growth in the industry is expected to accelerate, as
large markets such as the US, China and India will by then have established
the financial and political models to pursue large-scale desalination
projects. The rate at which the installed capacity increases is expected to
move into double figures, and the annual increment to capacity is expected to
increase by an average of more than 15% between 2015 and 2020.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Foreword
Desalination Markets 2007: Executive Summary
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to desalination
- 1.1 What is desalination?
- Figure 1.1.1: Desalination market by feedwater category
- 1.2 Desalination processes
- 1.3 MSF desalination
- Figure 1.3.1: Multi-Stage Flash desalination
- Figure 1.3.2: MSF plant cost vs. capacity (with fixed gain output ratio)
- Figure 1.3.3: MSF unit size trend: selected plants since 1990
- 1.4 Multi-Effect Distillation (MED)
- Figure 1.4.1: The Multi-Effect Distillation desalination process with
thermal vapour compression
- Figure 1.4.2: The Multi-Effect Distillation desalination process
- 1.5 Reverse Osmosis (RO)
- Figure 1.5.1: The Reverse Osmosis desalination process
- 1.6 Electrodialysis (ED)
- Figure 1.6.1: The Electrodialysis desalination process
- 1.7 Other processes
- 1.8 Hybrid models
- 1.9 Process comparison
- Figure 1.9.1: Desalination process comparison
- Figure 1.9.2: The top ten MED plants by capacity in the world (by
contract date)
- 1.10 Desalination process trends
- Figure 1.10.1: Trends in desalination process technology contracted
since 1980
- Figure 1.10.2: Market share by process technology contracted since 2000
- Figure 1.10.3: The largest SWRO plants drawing feedwater from the
Arabian Gulf (m3/d)
- 1.11 Research directions
- Figure 1.11.2: Seawater membrane element performance chronology
Chapter 2: Market drivers
- 2.1 Overview
- Figure 2.1.1: Desalination market drivers
- 2.2 Water demand
- Figure 2.2.1: Water withdrawals 1905-2015
- Figure 2.2.2: Water withdrawals relative to world population
- Figure 2.3.2: The dynamics of water use 1900 - 2025
- Figure 2.2.3: Global water withdrawal by sector
- Figure 2.3.1: Percentage increase in land under irrigation since 1961
- 2.3 Agricultural demand
- 2.4 Industrial demand
- 2.5 Domestic demand
- Figure 2.5.1: Per capita domestic water demand 1950 - 2025
- 2.6 Water supply
- Figure 2.6.1: The ten countries with lowest natural renewable water
resources
- 2.7 Water scarcity
- Figure 2.7.2: Global internal renewable resources per person per year
- 2.8 Global warming
- Figure 2.7.1: World renewable water availability
- 2.9 Demand management
- 2.10 Water tariffs
- Figure 2.9.1: The virtual water content of some common products
- 2.11 Water efficiency
- Figure 2.11.1: GWI's 2007 water tariff survey
- Figure 2.11.2: Unaccounted-for water in the Middle East region
- 2.12 Demand management summary
- 2.14 Water transport
- Figure 2.14.1: Major international water transfer projects
- 2.15 Water reuse
- Figure 2.15.1: Typical water reuse project costs
- Figure 2.15.2: Water reuse market forecast
- 2.16 Non-renewable water resources
- 2.17 Desalination
Chapter 3: Desalination finance
- 3.1 The affordability of desalination
- Figure 3.1.1: Notional global marginal cost of water
- Figure 3.1.2: Water resource cost trends: dollar price per cubic metre
- Figure 3.1.3: Water price from selected reverse osmosis projects
- 3.2 The cost of desalination
- Figure 3.2.1: Relative EPC cost of the main desalination processes (per
cubic metre of capacity)
- Figure 3.2.2: Segmental RO capital costs
- Figure 3.2.3: Segmental MED capital costs
- Figure 3.2.4: Segmental MSF capital costs
- Figure 3.2.5: Relative operating costs of the main desalination processes
- 3.3 Price sensitivity
- Figure 3.3.1: Income versus installed capacity in Gulf countries
- 3.4 Financing desalination
- 3.5 Financing models
- Figure 3.5.1: Proposed desalination capacity by delivery mechanism
(plants over 5,000 m3/d)
- 3.6 Independent Water and Power Projects
- Figure 3.6.1: Shuweihat IWPP structure
- Figure 3.6.2: Completed IWPPs
- Figure 3.6.3: Equity market share by developer
- Figure 3.6.2: IWPPs awaiting financial close
- 3.7 Finance in low-income countries
- 3.8 Permitting and political issues
Chapter 4: Desalination market forecast
- 4.1 The forecast model
- Figure 4.1.1 Contracted and proposed capacity by country
- 4.2 Global capacity forecast
- Figure 4.2.1 Projected growth of installed desalination capacity (Gulf
versus ROW)
- Figure 4.2.2: Historic and forecast installed desalination capacity by
technology
- Figure 4.2.3: Market forecast data table
- Figure 4.2.4: Installed capacity growth with annualised data
- Figure 4.2.5: Additions to installed capacity with annualised data
- 4.3 The financial model
- 4.4 Global financial forecast
- Figure 4.4.1 Forecast capital expenditure by sector
- Figure 4.4.2: Itemised forecast capital costs
- Figure 4.4.3: Itemised forecast operating costs
- Figure 4.4.4: Forecast capital expenditure by technology
- Figure 4.4.5: Capital expenditure on desalination by country, 2006 -2015
- Figure 4.4.6: Operating costs in 2005, 2010 and 2015
- 4.5 Alternative scenarios
- Figure 4.5.1: Alternative cost scenarios ($ billion)
- Figure 4.5.2: Desalination market according to different cost scenarios
- 4.6 Future scenarios
- Figure 4.7.1: forecast summary data table
- 4.7 Forecast summary
Chapter 5: Algeria
- 5.1 Sector structure
- Figure 5.1.1: BOO structure
- Figure 5.2.1: New capacity in Algeria 1980 - 2005
- Figure 5.2.2: Algeria installed capacity by:
- 5.2 Desalination profile
- 5.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 5.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 5.3.1: Demand and supply
- Figure 5.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 5.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 5.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 5.5 Market forecast
- Figure 5.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 5.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 5.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 5.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 5.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 6: Australia
- 6.1 Sector structure
- Figure 6.2.1: New capacity in Australia 1980 - 2005
- Figure 6.2.2: Australia installed capacity by:
- 6.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 6.3.2: Total Sydney system releases compared to population growth
(1950-2005)
- Figure 6.3.3: Total water use in WA (1999/2000)
- 6.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 6.3.4: WA projected water demand growth
- Figure 6.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 6.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 6.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 6.5 Market forecast
- Figure 6.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 6.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 6.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 6.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 6.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 7: Bahrain
- 7.1 Sector structure
- Figure 7.1.1: The new industry framework
- Figure 7.2.1: New capacity in Bahrain 1980 - 2005
- Figure 7.2.2: Bahrain installed capacity by:
- 7.2 Desalination profile
- 7.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 7.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 7.3.1: Demand and supply
- Figure 7.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 7.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 7.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 7.5 Market forecast
- Figure 7.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 7.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 7.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 7.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 7.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 8: Caribbean
- 8.1 Sector structure
- Figure 8.1.1: Countries and departments
- 8.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 8.2.1: New capacity in the Caribbean 1980 - 2005
- Figure 8.2.2: Caribbean installed capacity by:
- Figure 8.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- 8.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 8.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 8.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 8.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 8.5 Market forecast
- Figure 8.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 8.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 8.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 8.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 8.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 9: Chile
- 9.1 Sector structure
- Figure 9.1.1 Sanitary services company market share (revenue)
- Figure 9.2.1: New capacity in Chile 1980 - 2005
- Figure 9.2.2: Chile installed capacity by:
- 9.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 9.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 9.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 9.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 9.5 Market forecast
- Figure 9.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 9.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 9.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 9.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 10: China
- 10.1 Sector structure
- Figure 10.2.1: New capacity in China 1980 - 2005
- Figure 10.2.2: China installed capacity by:
- 10.2 Desalination profile
- 10.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 10.3.1 Water consumption/capacity & future projections for
water-short regions in China
- Figure 10.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- 10.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 10.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 10.4.2: Historic and future desalination data
- 10.5 Market forecast
- Figure 10.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 10.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 10.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 10.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 10.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 11: Cyprus
- 11.1 Sector structure
- 11.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 11.2.1: New capacity in Cyprus 1980 - 2005
- 11.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 11.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 11.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 11.2.2: Cyprus installed capacity by:
- Figure 11.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 11.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 11.5 Market forecast
- Figure 11.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 11.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 11.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 11.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 12: Egypt
- 12.1 Sector structure
- 12.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 12.2.1: New capacity in Egypt 1980-2005
- Figure 12.2.2 Egypt installed capacity by:
- Figure 12.3.1: Demand and supply
- 12.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 12.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 12.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 12.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- Figure 12.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- 12.5 Market forecast
- Figure 12.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 12.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 12.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 12.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 13: Former Soviet Union
- 13.1 Sector structure
- 13.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 13.2.1: New capacity in Former Soviet Union 1980 - 2005
- Figure 13.2.2: Former Soviet Union installed capacity by:
- 13.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 13.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 13.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 13.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 13.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 13.5 Market forecast
- Figure 13.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 13.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 13.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 13.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 14: India
- 14.1 Sector structure
- 14.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 14.2.1: New capacity in India 1980-2005
- Figure 14.2.2: India installed capacity by:
- 14.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 14.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 14.3.1 Forecast water withdrawals in India 2000-2020
- Figure 14.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 14.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 14.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 14.5 Market forecast
- Figure 14.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 14.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 14.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 14.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 14.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 15: Iran
- 15.1 Sector structure
- 15.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 15.2.1: New capacity in Iran 1980 - 2005
- Figure 15.2.2: Iran installed capacity by:
- 15.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 15.3.1: Demand and supply
- 15.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 15.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 15.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 15.5.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 15.5 Market forecast
- Figure 15.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 15.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 15.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 15.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 15.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 16: Iraq
- 16.1 Sector structure
- 16.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 16.2.1: New capacity in Iraq 1980 - 2005
- Figure 16.2.2: Iraq installed capacity by:
- Figure 16.4.1: Demand and supply
- 16.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 16.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 16.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 16.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 16.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 16.5 Market forecast
- Figure 16.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 16.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 16.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 16.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 17: Israel
- 17.1 Sector structure
- 17.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 17.2.1: New capacity in Israel 1980-2005
- Figure 17.2.2: Israel installed capacity by:
- 17.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 17.3.1: Long-term potential of renewable water
- Figure 17.3.2: Water usage and future demand breakdown (million m3/year)
- 17.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 17.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 17.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- Figure 17.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- 17.5 Market forecast
- Figure 17.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 17.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 17.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 17.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 17.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 18: Italy
- 18.1 Sector structure
- 18.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 18.2.1 New capacity in Italy 1980 - 2005
- Figure 18.2.2: Italy installed capacity by:
- 18.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 18.3.1: Water supply by region
- Figure 18.3.2: Estimate of volumes of water that will be supplied
(million m3/yr)
- 18.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 18.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 18.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 18.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 18.5 Market forecast
- Figure 18.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 18.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 18.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 18.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 19: Japan
- 19.1 Sector structure
- 19.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 19.2.1: New capacity in Japan 1980 - 2005
- Figure 19.2.2: Japan installed capacity by:
- 19.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 19.4 Proposed desalination plants and opportunities
- Figure 19.4.1: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 19.5 Market forecast
- Figure 19.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 19.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 19.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 19.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 20: Kuwait
- 20.1 Sector structure
- 20.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 20.2.1: New capacity in Kuwait 1980-2005
- Figure 20.2.2: Kuwait installed capacity by:
- Figure 20.3.1: Demand and supply
- 20.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 20.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 20.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 20.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 20.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 20.5 Market forecast
- Figure 20.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 20.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 20.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 20.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 20.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 21: Libya
- 21.1 Sector structure
- Figure 21.2.1: New capacity in Libya 1980 - 2005
- Figure 21.2.2: Libya installed capacity by:
- 21.2 Desalination profile
- 21.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 21.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 21.3.1: Demand and supply
- Figure 21.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 21.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 21.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 21.5 Market forecast
- Figure 21.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 21.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 21.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 21.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 21.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 22: Mexico
- 22.1 Sector structure
- 22.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 22.2.1: New capacity in Mexico 1980 - 2005
- Figure 22.2.2: Mexico installed capacity by:
- Figure 22.3.1: Mean natural water availability 1970-2030 (m3 per capita)
- Figure 22.2.3 Distribution of desalination plants in Mexico 2004
- Figure 22.2.4 Market size for desalination equipment and services ($
million)
- 22.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 22.3.2: Water stress
- 22.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 22.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 22.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 22.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 22.5 Market forecast
- Figure 22.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 22.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 22.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 22.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 23: Morocco
- 23.1 Sector structure
- 23.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 23.2.1: New capacity in Morocco 1980 - 2005
- 23.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 23.2.2: Morocco installed capacity by:
- Figure 23.3.1: Demand and supply
- 23.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 23.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 23.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- Figure 23.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- 23.5 Market forecast
- Figure 23.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 23.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 23.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 23.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 24: Oman
- 24.1 Sector structure
- Figure 24.1.1: Sector structure
- Figure 24.2.1: New capacity in Oman 1980 - 2005
- Figure 24.2.2: Oman installed capacity by:
- 24.2 Desalination profile
- 24.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 24.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 24.3.1: Demand and supply
- Figure 24.4.1: Future desalination plants
- Figure 24.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 24.5 Market forecast
- Figure 24.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 24.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 24.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 24.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 24.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 25: Pakistan
- 25.1 Sector structure
- Figure 25.2.1: New capacity in Pakistan 1980 - 2005
- Figure 25.2.2: Pakistan installed capacity by:
- 25.2 Desalination profile
- 25.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 25.3.1 Population growth and water availability in Pakistan
- Figure 25.3.2: Demand-supply gap in major cities 2001
- Figure 25.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- 25.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 25.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 25.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 25.5 Market forecast
- Figure 25.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 25.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 25.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 25.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 26: Qatar
- 26.1 Sector structure
- Figure 26.1.1: Sector structure
- Figure 26.2.1: New capacity in Qatar 1980 - 2005
- Figure 26.2.2: Qatar installed capacity by:
- 26.2 Desalination profile
- 26.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 26.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 26.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 26.3.1: Demand and supply
- Figure 26.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 26.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 26.5 Market forecast
- Figure 26.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 26.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 26.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 26.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 26.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 27: Saudi Arabia
- 27.1 Sector structure
- Figure 27.1.1
- Figure 27.1.2
- Figure 27.1.3
- 27.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 27.2.1: New capacity in Saudi Arabia 1980 - 2005
- Figure 27.2.2: Saudi Arabia installed capacity by:
- Figure 27.3.1: Demand and supply
- 27.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 27.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 27.3.2: Desalination plants
- Figure 27.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 27.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 27.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 27.5 Market forecast
- Figure 27.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 27.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 27.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 27.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 27.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 28: Singapore
- 28.1 Sector structure
- 28.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 28.2.1: New capacity in Singapore 1980 - 2005
- Figure 28.2.2: Singapore installed capacity by:
- 28.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 28.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 28.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 28.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- 28.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 28.5 Market forecast
- Figure 28.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 28.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 28.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 28.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 29: South Korea
- 29.1 Sector structure
- Figure 29.2.1: New capacity in South Korea 1980 - 2005
- Figure 29.2.2: South Korea installed capacity by:
- 29.2 Desalination profile
- 29.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 29.3.1: Demand and supply
- Figure 29.3.2: Desalination plants
- Figure 29.3.3: Current desalination plants for industrial users
- Figure 29.4.1: Future desalination plants
- 29.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 29.4.2: Industrial parks with potential for desalination plants
- Figure 29.4.3: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 29.5 Market forecast
- Figure 29.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 29.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 29.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 29.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 30: Spain
- 30.1 Sector structure
- Figure 30.2.1: New capacity in Spain 1980 - 2005
- Figure 30.2.2: Spain installed capacity by:
- 30.2 Desalination profile
- 30.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 30.3.1 Current and future demand for domestic and industrial
supply
- Figure 30.3.2 Current and future demand for irrigation according to
Environment Ministry Water White Paper 2000 (million m3/year)
- Figure 30.3.3 Additional water supply to be provided by improved water
infrastructure and desalination
- 30.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 30.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 30.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 30.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 30.5 Market forecast
- Figure 30.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 30.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 30.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 30.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 30.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 31: Tunisia
- 31.1 Sector structure
- 31.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 31.2.1 New capacity in Tunisia 1980-2005
- 31.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 31.2.2: Tunisia installed capacity by:
- Figure 31.3.1: Demand and supply
- 31.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 31.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 31.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- Figure 31.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- 31.5 Market forecast
- Figure 31.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 31.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 31.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 31.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 32: UAE
- 32.1 Sector structure
- Figure 32.1.1: Abu Dhabi: Current Industry Structure
- Figure 32.1.2: Abu Dhabi water sector structure
- 32.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 32.1.3: Other emirates water sector structure
- Figure 32.2.1: New capacity in the UAE 1980 - 2005
- Figure 32.2.2: UAE installed capacity by:
- Figure 32.3.1: Demand and supply
- 32.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 32.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 32.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 32.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 32.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 32.5 Market forecast
- Figure 32.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 32.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 32.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 32.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 32.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 33: USA
- 33.1 Sector structure
- Table 33.1.1: Regulatory jurisdiction for US drinking water utilities
- Figure 33.2.1: New capacity in USA 1980 - 2005
- Figure 33.2.2: USA installed capacity by:
- 33.2 Desalination profile
- 33.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- Figure 33.3.1: Tucson Water projected total annual demand, 2000-2050
- Figure 33.3.2: California urban water demand
- Figure 33.3.3: California agricultural water demand
- Figure 33.3.4: NWFWMD water demand by category
- Figure 33.3.5: SRWMD water demand by category
- Figure 33.3.6: SFWMD water demand by category
- Figure 33.3.7: SJRWMD water demand by category
- Figure 33.3.8: SWFWMD water demand by category
- Figure 33.3.9: Projected water demand by category during drought
- Figure 33.3.10: Projected water demand by category during drought
- 33.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 33.4.1a: Future desalination plants
- Figure 33.4.1b: Future desalination plants
- Figure 33.4.2: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 33.5 Market forecast
- Figure 33.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 33.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 33.5.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 33.5.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 33.5.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 34: Yemen
- 34.1 Sector structure
- 34.2 Desalination profile
- Figure 34.2.1 New capacity in Yemen 1980 - 2005
- Figure 34.2.2: Yemen installed capacity by:
- Figure 34.3.1: Demand and supply
- 34.3 Demand and supply forecasts
- 34.4 Proposed plants and opportunities
- Figure 34.4.1: Historic and future desalination capacity
- 34.5 Market forecast
- Figure 34.5.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 34.5.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 34.5.3: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 34.5.4: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 35: Other desalination markets
- 35.1 Desalination in the rest of the world
- 35.2 Market profile
- 35.3 Market forecast
- Figure 35.3.1: Profile of forecast capacity growth
- Figure 35.3.2: Historic and forecast capacity growth
- Figure 35.3.3: Capital expenditure by technology, 2006-2015
- Figure 35.3.4: Detailed breakdown of EPC spending
- Figure 35.3.5: Detailed breakdown of operating costs
Chapter 36: Company profiles
- 36.1: Acciona (Pridesa/Infilco)
- 36.2: Dr. Ahmed Abdel Warith Consulting Engineers
- 36.3: Arabian Co. for Water & Power Development Ltd., (ACWA Power)
- 36.4: AES Corporation
- 36.5: Allegheny Ludlum, Inc.
- 36.6: American Engineering Services (AES)
- 36.7: Aqualia
- 36.8: Aquatech International Corp.
- 36.9: Avista Technologies, Inc.
- 36.10: Befesa (Abengoa)
- 36.11: Bekaert Progressive Composites
- 36.12: BEL Group, Inc.
- 36.13: Biwater
- 36.14: Black & Veatch
- 36.15: Boyle Engineering Corporation
- 36.16: BTU Group
- 36.17: Bushnak Group
- 36.18: BWA Water Additives/Biolab Water Additives
- 36.19: Cadagua
- 36.20: Calder
- 36.21: Carollo Engineers, P.C.
- 36.22: CDM, Inc.
- 36.23: CH2M Hill
- 36.24: Christ Water Technology Group
- 36.25: Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc
- 36.26: CMS Energy
- 36.27: Cobra-Tedagua
- 36.28: Consolidated Water Co. Ltd.
- 36.29: Degrémont
- 36.30: Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd.
- 36.31: Dow Water Solutions
- 36.32: Energy Recovery, Inc.
- 36.33: Fichtner GmbH
- 36.34: Fisia Italimpianti SpA
- 36.35: GE Water & Process Technologies
- 36.36: GrahamTek
- 36.37: Hitachi Zosen
- 36.38: Hydranautics
- 36.39: Hyflux
- 36.40: Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.
- 36.41: IDE Technologies, Ltd.
- 36.42: ILF Consulting
- 36.43: Inima
- 36.44: International Power plc
- 36.45: Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI)
- 36.46: Itochu Corporation
- 36.47: ITT Aquious
- 36.48: JGC Corporation
- 36.49: King Lee Technologies
- 36.50: Koch Membrane Systems
- 36.51: Kuljian Corporation
- 36.52: Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
- 36.53: Lahmeyer International GmbH
- 36.54: Lyng Group (Aqualyng)
- 36.55: Malakoff
- 36.56: Marubeni Corporation
- 36.57: Metcalf & Eddy
- 36.58: Metito
- 36.59: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI)
- 36.60: Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
- 36.61: Mott MacDonald
- 36.62: Mubadala Development Company
- 36.63: MWH Inc.
- 36.64: Nalco
- 36.65: National Power Company (NPC)
- 36.66: Norit (X-Flow)
- 36.67: Outokumpu Oyj
- 36.68: Pall Corporation
- 36.69: PB Power
- 36.70: Poseidon Resources Corporation
- 36.71: Powertek Berhad
- 36.72: Pump Engineering, Inc.
- 36.73: Reggiane
- 36.74: Reiss Environmental
- 36.75: Sadyt (Sacyr Vallehermoso)
- 36.76: Saehan Industries, Inc.
- 36.77: Sasakura Engineering Co., Ltd.
- 36.78: Saudi Industries for Desalination Membranes and Systems Ltd.
(SIDMAS)
- 36.79: Saudi Oger
- 36.80: SembCorp Utilities
- 36.81: Separation Processes, Inc. (SPI)
- 36.82: Serck Como GmbH (Hamworthy)
- 36.83: SETE Technical Services
- 36.84: Siemens Water Technologies
- 36.85: SNC Lavalin
- 36.86: Sogex Oman Co.
- 36.87: Suez Energy International (SEI)
- 36.88: Sumitomo Corporation
- 36.89: Taprogge
- 36.90: Tenaga Nasional Berhad
- 36.91: Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)
- 36.92: Toray Industries, Inc.
- 36.93: Total
- 36.94: Toyobo
- 36.95: URS Corporation
- 36.96: VA Tech Wabag
- 36.97: Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies
Chapter 37: Bank profiles
- 37.1 Abu Dhabi Commerical Bank
- 37.2 Abu Dhabi Investment Company
- 37.3 Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank
- 37.4 Bank Muscat
- 37.5 Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ
- 37.6 Bayerische Landesbank
- 37.7 BNP Paribas
- 37.8 Calyon
- 37.9 Citibank
- 37.10 HSBC Bank
- 37.11 HypoVereinsbank (HVB)
- 37.12 Japan Bank For International Cooperation
- 37.13 KfW
- 37.14 Royal Bank of Scotland
- 37.15 Standard Chartered Bank
- 37.16 Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
Chapter 38: Glossary
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