State of Facial Recognition Technology

SUMMARY

State of Facial Recognition Technology

This report provides a detailed assessment of facial recognition from anindustry and technology perspective. The report leverages years of hands-onexperience testing and deploying facial recognition technology, years ofinteraction with leading facial recognition vendors, and extensive evaluation ofthe technology for large-scale applications.

The report profiles key facial recognition vendors, including Identix,Viisage and Cognitec, and provides facial recognition market projections through2007. It also examines significant facial recognition deployments and the impactof facial recognition's incorporation in machine readable travel documentapplications. The report offers an in-depth analysis of facial recognitionperformance tests such as FRVT 2002, discusses the use of facial recognition inmultimodal biometric applications, and details relevant facial recognitionstandards.

The report also examines the emergence of 3D facial recognition technologyand details the landscape of the 3D facial recognition marketplace, profilingvendors such as 3Dbiometrics, A4Vision, Geometrix, Neurodynamics and GenexTechnologies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• ExecutiveSummary................................................................................................................1
• State of Facial Recognition Technology:Overview........................................................... 4
• Market Projections through2007..........................................................................................5
• Overview......5
• Growth Drivers and Enablers.........................................................................................................6
• Growth Inhibitors..........................................................................................................................7
• System Costs and Sales...............................................................................................................7
• Facial Recognition: Landscape ofMarketplace..................................................................8
• Competition and Instability in the Market........................................................................................8
• Identix..........9
• ViisageTechnology.....................................................................................................................10
• Cognitec ....11
• Significant Facial Recognition Deployments.................................................................... 14
• Emergence of Facial Recognition in Machine Readable Travel Documents....................................14
• RepresentativeDeployments.......................................................................................................15
• Application Assessment: Facial Recognition in Surveillance Applications................. 18
• Overview....18
• Growth Drivers and Enablers.......................................................................................................19
• Growth Inhibitors........................................................................................................................19
• Surveillance: Biometric SolutionMatrix.........................................................................................20
• Facial Recognition PerformanceMetrics...........................................................................22
• Performance Metrics and Error Types..........................................................................................22
• False Match and False Non-Match Rates.....................................................................................22
• Open Set and Closed Set Identification........................................................................................23
• Facial Recognition PerformanceTests..............................................................................25
• Types of Facial RecognitionTesting.............................................................................................25
• FRVT 2002 Analysis...................................................................................................................26
• FRVT HCI Results Rollup............................................................................................................27
• FRVT MCI Results Rollup...........................................................................................................30
• Face Recognition at a Checkpoint Analysis..................................................................................33
• Face Recognition at a Checkpoint Results Rollup.........................................................................35
• Facial Recognition in Multimodal Biometric Applications.............................................. 38
• Facial Recognition and Fingerprint...............................................................................................39
• Facial Recognition and Iris Recognition........................................................................................40
• Challenges Facing Facial Recognition in Multimodal Systems.......................................................40
• Facial RecognitionStandards.............................................................................................41
• Image Standards........................................................................................................................41
• Template Standards....................................................................................................................41
• 3D Facial Recognition: Approaches andProcesses........................................................ 43
• Image Cap43
• 3D Image/ModelCreation............................................................................................................44
• Template Creation and Matching.................................................................................................45
• Challenges Facing 3D Facing Recognition...................................................................................46
• The 3D Facial RecognitionMarketplace.............................................................................47
• 3DBiometri47
• A4Vision ....47
• Geometrix Technologies.............................................................................................................49
• Neurodynamics..........................................................................................................................50
• Genex Technologies...................................................................................................................50

Table of Figures

• Figure 1: Facial Recognition Revenue Projections2002-2007..........................................................5
• Figure 2: Tier 1 Facial Recognition Vendors...................................................................................9
• Figure 3: Tier 2 Facial Recognition Vendors.................................................................................13
• Figure 4: Tier 3 Facial Recognition Vendors.................................................................................13
• Figure 5: Representative Facial Recognition Applications since January2002................................ 17
• Figure 6: Surveillance and Screening Revenue Projections 2002-2007.......................................... 18
• Figure 7: Biometric Solution Matrix ·Surveillance and Screening.................................................. 21
• Figure 8: FRVT HCI ·1:N FNMR Over Time................................................................................28
• Figure 9: FRVT HCI ·1:1 FNMR Over Time.................................................................................28
• Figure 10: FRVT HCI ·1:N FNMR by Age Group......................................................................... 28
• Figure 11: FRVT HCI ·1:N FNMR at Various DB Sizes................................................................ 29
• Figure 12: FRVT HCI ·1:1 FNMR at VariousFAR........................................................................29
• Figure 13: FRVT HCI ·Watchlist Testing for Multiple and LegitimateEnrollees .............................. 30
• Figure 14: FRVT MCI ·1:1 FNMR / Indoor / Same Day................................................................ 31
• Figure 15: FRVT MCI ·1:1 FNMR / Indoor / Different Lighting....................................................... 31
• Figure 16: FRVT MCI ·1:1 FNMR / Indoor / DifferentDay............................................................. 31
• Figure 17: FRVT MCI ·1:1 FNMR / Outdoor / Same Day.............................................................. 32
• Figure 18: FRVT MCI ·1:1 FNMR / Outdoor / Different Day.......................................................... 32
• Figure 19: DoD Chokepoint ·Watchlist / FaceIt System / 100 Targets /Badge Images ................... 35
• Figure 20: DoD Chokepoint ·Watchlist / FaceIt System / 400 Targets /Badge Images ................... 35
• Figure 21: DoD Chokepoint ·Watchlist / FaceIt System / 1575 Targets /Badge Images ................. 35
• Figure 22: DoD Chokepoint ·Watchlist / Argus System / 100 Ta rgets /Badge Images.................... 35
• Figure 23: DoD Chokepoint ·Watchlist / Argus System / 400 Targets /Badge Images.................... 36
• Figure 24: DoD Chokepoint ·Watchlist / Argus System / 1575 Targets /Badge Images .................. 36
• Figure 25: DoD Chokepoint ·Watchlist / Argus System / 100 Targets / HighQuality Images ........... 36
• Figure 26: DoD Chokepoint ·1:1 FMR and FNMR With and Without Glasses................................ 37
• Figure 27: Multimodal Technology Combinations..........................................................................39
• Figure 28: 3D Image Acquisition Approaches...............................................................................44
• Figure 29: Virtual Cube used in VolumetricModeling.....................................................................44
• Figure 30: 3D Modeling Approaches............................................................................................45
• Figure 31: 3D Templates Composition ·Matching Processes........................................................ 45
• Figure 32: Prominent 3D Vendors................................................................................................47
• Figure 33: A4Vision Acquisition Process......................................................................................48
• Figure 34: A4Vision Image Rendering..........................................................................................48