| Request a sample from "The Infoshop", another service of Global Information.
|
SUMMARY
Summary
This report describes and evaluates the proteomic technologies that will play
an important role in drug discovery, molecular diagnostics and practice of
medicine in the post-genomic era - the first decade of the 21st century. Most
commonly used technologies are 2D gel electrophoresis for protein separation
and analysis of proteins by mass spectrometry. Microanalytical protein
characterization with multidimentional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
improves the throughput and reliability of peptide mapping. Matrix-Assisted
Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has become a widely used method
for determination of biomolecules including peptides, proteins. Functional
proteomics technologies include yeast two-hybrid system for studying protein-
protein interactions. Establishing a proteomics platform in the industrial
setting initially requires implementation of a series of robotic systems to
allow a high-throughput approach for analysis and identification of
differences observed on 2D electrophoresis gels. Protein chips are also
proving to be useful. Proteomic technologies are now being integrated into the
drug discovery process as complimentary to genomic approaches.
Toxicoproteomics, i.e. the evaluation of protein expression for understanding
of toxic events, is an important application of proteomics in preclincial drug
safety. Use of bioinformatics is essential for analyzing the massive amount of
data generated from both genomics and proteomics.
Proteomics is providing a better understanding of pathomechanisms of human
diseases. Analysis of different levels of gene expression in healthy and
diseased tissues by proteomic approaches is as important as the detection of
mutations and polymorphisms at the genomic level and may be of more value in
designing a rational therapy. Protein distribution / characterization in body
tissues and fluids, in health as well as in disease, is the basis of the use
of proteomic technologies for molecular diagnostics. Proteomics will play an
important role in medicine of the future which will be personalized and will
combine diagnostics with therapeutics.The text is supplemented with 43 tables,
26 figures and over 450 selected references from the literature.
The number of companies involved in proteomics has increased remarkably during
the past few years. More than 300 companies have been identified to be
involved in proteomics and 210 of these are profiled in the report with 476
collaborations.
The markets for proteomic technologies are difficult to estimate as they are
not distinct but overlap with those of genomics, gene expression, high
throughput screening, drug discovery and molecular diagnostics. Markets for
proteomic technologies are analyzed for the year 2007 and are projected to
years 2012 and 2017. The largest expansion will be in bioinformatics and
protein biochip technologies. Important areas of application are cancer and
neurological disorders
TABLE OF CONTENTS
0. Executive Summary
1. Basics of Proteomics
- Introduction
- History
- Nucleic acids, genes and proteins
- Genome
- DNA
- RNA
- MicroRNAs
- Decoding of mRNA by the ribosome
- Genes
- Alternative splicing
- Transcription
- Gene regulation
- Gene expression
- Chromatin
- Proteins
- Spliceosome
- Functions of proteins
- Inter-relationship of protein, mRNA and DNA
- Proteomics
- Mitochondrial proteome
- S-nitrosoproteins in mitochondria
- Proteomics and genomics
- Classification of proteomics
- Levels of functional genomics and various “omics”
- Glycoproteomics
- Transcriptomics
- Metabolomics
- Cytomics
- Phenomics
- Proteomics and systems biology
2. Proteomic Technologies
- Key technologies driving proteomics
- Sample preparation
- New trends in sample preparation
- Protein separation technologies
- High resolution 2D gel electrophoresis
- Variations of 2D gel technology
- Limitations of 2DGE and measures to overcome these
- 1-D sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) PAGE
- Capillary electrophoresis systems
- Head column stacking capillary zone electrophoresis
- Removal of albumin and IgG
- Companies with protein separation technologies
- Protein detection
- Protein identification and characterization
- Mass spectrometry (MS)
- Companies involved in mass spectrometry
- Electrospray ionization
- Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
- Cryogenic MALDI- Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry
- HUPO Gold MS Protein Standard
- High performance liquid chromatography
- Multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting
- Combination of protein separation technologies with mass spectrometry
- Combining capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry
- 2D PAGE and mass spectrometry
- Quantification of low abundance proteins
- SDS-PAGE
- Antibodies and proteomics
- Detection of fusion proteins
- Labeling and detection of proteins
- Fluorescent labeling of proteins in living cells
- Combination of microspheres with fluorescence
- Self-labeling protein tags
- Analysis of peptides
- Differential Peptide Display
- Peptide analyses using NanoLC-MS
- Protein sequencing
- Functional proteomics: technologies for studying protein function
- RNA-Protein fusions
- Designed repeat proteins
- Application of nanbiotechnology to proteomics
- Nanoproteomics
- Protein nanocrystallography
- Single-molecule mass spectrometry using a nanopore
- Nanoelectrospray ionization
- Nanoparticle barcodes
- Biobarcode assay for proteins
- Resonance Light Scattering technology
- Nanoscale protein analysis
- Nanobiotechnology for discovery of protein biomarkers in the blood
- Study of single membrane proteins at subnanometer resolution
- Nanotube-vesicle networks for study of membrane proteins
- Qdot-nanocrystals
- Nanotube electronic biosensor
- A nanoscale mechanism for protein engineering
- Protein expression profiling
- Cell-based protein assays
- Living cell-based assays for protein function
- Companies developing cell-based protein assays
- Protein function studies
- Transcriptionally Active PCR
- Protein-protein interactions
- Yeast two-hybrid system
- Membrane one-hybrid method
- Protein affinity chromatography
- Phage display
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Detection Enhanced Ubiquitin Split Protein Sensor technology
- Protein-fragment complementation system
- In vivo study of protein-protein interactions
- Computational prediction of interactions
- Interactome
- Protein-protein interactions and drug discovery
- Companies with technologies for protein-protein interaction studies
- Protein-DNA interaction
- Determination of protein structure
- X-Ray crystallography
- Nuclear magnetic resonance
- Electron spin resonance
- Prediction of protein structure
- Protein tomography
- Prediction of protein function
- Three-dimensional proteomics for determination of function
- An algorithm for genome-wide prediction of protein function
- Monitoring protein function by expression profiling
- Isotope-coded affinity tag peptide labeling
- Differential Proteomic Panning
- Cell map proteomics
- Topological proteomics
- Organelle or subcellular proteomics
- Nucleolar proteomics
- Glycoproteomic technologies
- High-sensitivity glycoprotein analysis
- Fluorescent in vivo imaging of glycoproteins
- Integrated approaches for protein characterization
- Imaging mass spectrometry
- IMS technologies
- Applications of IMS
- The protein microscope
- Automation and robotics in proteomics
- Laser capture microdissection
- Microdissection techniques used for proteomics
- Uses of LCM in combination with proteomic technologies
- Concluding remarks about applications of proteomic technologies
3. Protein biochip technology
- Introduction
- Types of protein biochips
- ProteinChip
- Applications and advantages of ProteinChip
- ProteinChip Biomarker System
- Matrix-free ProteinChip Array
- Aptamer-based protein biochip
- Fluorescence planar wave guide technology-based protein biochips
- Lab-on-a-chip for protein analysis
- Microfluidic biochips for proteomics
- Protein biochips for high-throughput expression
- Nucleic Acid-Programmable Protein Array
- High-density protein microarrays
- HPLC-Chip for protein identification
- Antibody microarrays
- Integration of protein array and image analysis
- Tissue microarray technology for proteomics
- Protein biochips in molecular diagnostics
- A force-based protein biochip
- L1 chip and lipid immobilization
- Multiplexed Protein Profiling on Microarrays
- Live cell microarrays
- ProteinArray Workstation
- Proteome arrays
- The Yeast ProtoArray
- ProtoArray™ Human Protein Microarray
- TRINECTIN proteome chip
- Peptide arrays
- Surface plasmon resonance technology
- Biacore's SPR
- FLEX CHIP
- Combination of surface plasmon resonance and MALDI-TOF
- Protein chips/microarrays using nanotechnology
- Nanoparticle protein chip
- Protein nanobiochip
- Protein nanoarrays
- Self-assembling protein nanoarrays
- Companies involved in protein biochip/microarray technology
4. Bioinformatics in Relation to Proteomics
- Introduction
- Bioinformatic tools for proteomics
- Testing of SELDI-TOF MS Proteomic Data
- BioImagine's ProteinMine
- Bioinformatics for pharmaceutical applications of proteomics
- In silico search of drug targets by Biopendium
- Compugen's LEADS
- DrugScore
- Proteochemometric modeling
- Integration of genomic and proteomic data
- Proteomic databases: creation and analysis
- Introduction
- Proteomic databases
- Human Proteomics Initiative
- Protein Warehouse Database
- GenProtEC
- Human Protein Index
- Protein Data Bank
- Universal Protein Resource
- Protein interaction databases
- Biomolecular Interaction Network Database
- Proteome maps
- The Protein Atlas
- ENCODE
- Metabolomics databases
- Functional Genomics Consortium
- Human Proteinpedia
- ProteinCenter
- Application of bioinformatics in functional proteomics
- Use of bioinformatics in protein sequencing
- Bottom-up protein sequencing
- Top-down protein sequencing
- Protein structural database approach to drug design
- Bioinformatics for high-throughput proteomics
- Companies with bioinformatic tools for proteomics
5. Research in Proteomics
- Introduction
- Basic biological research
- Identification of novel human genes by comparative proteomics
- Study of relationship between genes and proteins
- Protein knockout
- Antisense approach and proteomics
- RNAi and protein knockout
- Total knockout of cellular proteins
- Ribozymes and proteomics
- Single-molecule photon stamping spectroscopy
- Functional genomics by mass spectrometry
- Stable-isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry
- Single nucleotide polymorphism determination by TOF-MS
- Application of proteomic technologies in systems biology
- Signaling pathways and proteomics
- Kinomics
- Combinatorial RNAi for quantitative protein network analysis
- Proteomics in neuroscience research
- Stem cell proteomics
- Proteomic studies of mesenchymal stem cells
- Proteomics of neural stem cells
- Proteome Biology of Stem Cells Initiative
- Proteomic analysis of the cell cycle
- Nitric oxide and proteomics
- A proteomic method for identification of cysteine S-nitrosylation sites
- Study of the nitroproteome
- Study of the phosphoproteome
- Study of the mitochondrial proteome
- Proteomic technologies for study of mitochondrial proteomics
- Cryptome
- Study of protein transport in health and disease
- Proteomics research in the academic sector
- Vanderbilt University's Center for Proteomics and Drug Actions
- ProteomeBinders initiative
6. Pharmaceutical Applications of Proteomics
- Introduction
- Current drug discovery process and its limitations
- Role of omics in drug discovery
- Genomics-based drug discovery
- Metabolomics technologies for drug discovery
- Role of metabonomics in drug discovery
- Basis of proteomics approach to drug discovery
- Proteins and drug action
- Transcription-aided drug design
- Role of proteomic technologies in drug discovery
- Protein-expression mapping by 2DGE
- Liquid chromatography-based drug discovery
- Role of MALDI mass spectrometry in drug discovery
- Pharmaceutical applications of tissue imaging mass spectrometry
- Companies using MALDI for drug discovery
- Oxford Genome Anatomy Project
- Proteins as drug targets
- Ligands to capture the purine binding proteome
- Chemical probes to interrogate key protein families for drug discovery
- Global proteomics for pharmacodynamics
- CellCarta® proteomics platform
- ZeptoMARK™ protein profiling system
- Role of proteomics in targeting disease pathways
- Identification of protein kinases as drug targets
- G-protein coupled receptors as drug targets
- Methods of study of GPCRs
- Cell-based assays for GPCR
- Companies involved in GPCR-based drug discovery
- GPCR localization database
- Targeting mTOR signaling pathway
- Serine hydrolases as drug targets
- Matrix metalloproteases as drug targets
- The proteasome as drug target
- Bioinformatic analysis of proteomics data for drug discovery
- Drug design based on structural proteomics
- Protein crystallography for determining 3D structure of proteins
- Automated 3D protein modeling
- Companies involved in structure-based drug-design
- Integration of genomics and proteomics for drug discovery
- Ligand-receptor binding
- Role of proteomics in study of ligand-receptor binding
- Aptamer protein binding
- Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment
- Aptamers and high-throughput screening
- Nucleic Acid Biotools
- Aptamer beacons
- Peptide aptamers
- Riboreporters for drug discovery
- Target identification and validation
- Application of mass spectrometry for target identification
- Gene knockout and gene suppression for validating protein targets
- Laser-mediated protein knockout for target validation
- Integrated proteomics for drug discovery
- High-throughput proteomics
- Companies involved in high-throughput proteomics
- Drug discovery through protein-protein interaction studies
- Protein-protein interaction as basis for drug target identification
- Protein-PCNA interaction as basis for drug design
- Two-hybrid protein interaction technology for target identification
- Biosensors for detection of small molecule-protein interactions
- Protein-protein interaction maps
- ProNet (Myriad Genetics)
- Hybrigenics' maps of protein-protein interactions
- CellZome's functional map of protein-protein interactions
- Mapping of protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry
- Protein interaction map of Drosophila melanogaster
- Protein-interaction map of Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
- Protein-protein interactions as targets for therapeutic intervention
- Inhibition of protein-protein interactions by peptide aptamers
- Selective disruption of proteins by small molecules
- Post-genomic combinatorial biology approach
- Differential proteomics
- Shotgun proteomics
- Chemogenomics/chemoproteomics for drug discovery
- Chemoproteomics-based drug discovery
- Companies involved in chemogenomics/chemoproteomics
- Activity-based proteomics
- Iconix's DrugMatrix
- Locus Discovery technology
- Automated ligand identification system
- Expression proteomics: protein level quantification
- Role of phage antibody libraries in target discovery
- Analysis of posttranslational modification of proteins by MS
- Protein phosphorylation
- Application of glycoproteomics for drug discovery
- Role of carbohydrates in proteomics
- Challenges of glycoproteomics
- Companies involved in glycoproteomics
- Role of protein microarrays/ biochips for drug discovery
- Protein microarrays vs DNA microarrays for high-throughput screening
- BIA-MS biochip for protein-protein interactions
- ProteinChip with Surface Enhanced Neat Desorption
- Protein-domains microarrays
- Some limitations of protein biochips
- Concluding remarks about role of proteomics in drug discovery
- RNA versus protein profiling as guide to drug development
- RNA as drug target
- Combination of RNA and protein profiling
- Toxicoproteomics
- Hepatotoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Cardiotoxicity
- Neurotoxicity
- Protein/peptide therapeutics
- Peptide-based drugs
- Phylomer® peptides
- Cryptein-based therapeutics
- Synthetic proteins and peptides as pharmaceuticals
- Genetic immunization and proteomics
- Proteomics and gene therapy
- Role of proteomics in clinical drug development
- Pharmacoproteomics
- Role of proteomics in clinical drug safety
7. Application of Proteomics in Human Healthcare
- Clinical proteomics
- Definition and standards
- Vermillion's Clinical Proteomics Program
- Pathophysiology of human diseases
- Diseases due to misfolding of proteins
- Mechanism of protein folding
- Nanoproteomics for study of misfolded proteins
- Therapies for protein misfolding
- Intermediate filament proteins
- Significance of mitochondrial proteome in human disease
- Proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria
- Rat mitochondrial proteome
- Proteomic approaches to biomarker identification
- The ideal biomarker
- Proteomic technologies for biomarker discovery
- MALDI mass spectrometry for biomarker discovery
- BAMF™ Technology
- Protein biochips/microarrays and biomarkers
- Antibody-based biomarker discovery
- Tumor-specific serum peptidome patterns
- Search for biomarkers in body fluids
- Detection of enzyme biomarkers in body fluids
- Removal of abundant proteins from blood
- Biomarkers in the urinary proteome
- 3D structure of CD38 as a biomarker
- Application of proteomics in molecular diagnosis
- Proximity ligation assay
- Protein patterns
- Proteomic tests on body fluids
- Cyclical amplification of proteins
- Applications of proteomics in infections
- Role of proteomics in virology
- Study of interaction of proteins with viruses
- Role of proteomics in bacteriology
- Epidemiology of bacterial infections
- Proteomic approach to bacterial pathogenesis
- Vaccines for bacterial infections
- Protein profiles associated with bacterial drug resistance
- Analyses of the parasite proteome
- Application of proteomics in cystic fibrosis
- Oncoproteomics
- Application of CellCarta technology for oncology
- Accentuation of differentially expressed proteins using phage technology
- Identification of oncogenic tyrosine kinases using phosphoproteomics
- Single-cell protein expression analysis by microfluidic techniques
- Desorption electrospray ionization for cancer diagnosis
- Proteomic analysis of cancer cell mitochondria
- Mass spectrometry for identification of oncogenic chimeric proteins
- Id proteins as targets for cancer therapy
- Proteomic study of p53
- Human Tumor Gene Index
- Integration of cancer genomics and proteomics
- Laser capture microdissection technology and cancer proteomics
- Cancer tissue proteomics
- Use of proteomics in cancers of various organ systems
- Proteomics of brain tumors
- Proteomics of breast cancer
- Proteomics of colorectal cancer
- Proteomics of esophageal cancer
- Proteomics of hepatic cancer
- Proteomics of leukemia
- Proteomics of lung cancer
- Proteomics of pancreatic cancer
- Proteomics of prostate cancer
- Diagnostic use of cancer biomarkers
- NCI's Network of Clinical Proteomic Technology Centers for Cancer
Research
- Proteomics and tumor immunology
- Proteomics and study of tumor invasiveness
- Anticancer drug discovery and development
- Kinase-targeted drug discovery in oncology
- Anticancer drug targeting: functional proteomics screen of proteases
- Small molecule inhibitors of cancer-related proteins
- Role of proteomics in studying drug resistance in cancer
- Future prospects of oncoproteomics
- Companies involved in application of proteomics to oncology
- Application of proteomics in neurological disorders
- Neuroproteomics
- Prion diseases
- Proteomics and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
- Proteomics and neurodegenerative disorders
- Detection of misfolded proteins
- Proteomics and glutamate repeat disorders
- Proteomics and Huntington's disease
- Proteomics and Alzheimer's disease
- Common denominators of Alzheimer's and prion diseases
- Ion channel link for protein-misfolding disease
- Proteomics and demyelinating diseases
- Proteomics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Proteomics of spinal muscular atrophy
- Proteomics of Fabry disease
- Proteomics and GM1 gangliosidosis
- Proteomics of CNS trauma
- Proteomics of CNS aging
- Neuroproteomics of psychiatric disorders
- Neuroproteomic of cocaine addiction
- Neurodiagnostics based on proteomics
- Testing for disease-specific proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid
- Tau proteins
- CNS tissue proteomics
- Diagnosis of CNS disorders by examination of proteins in urine
- Diagnosis of CNS disorders by examination of proteins in the blood
- Serum pNF-H as biomarker of CNS damage
- Proteomics of BBB
- Future prospects of neuroproteomics in neurology
- HUPO's Pilot Brain Proteome Project
- Proteomics of cardiac disorders
- Cardiac protein databases
- Proteomics of dilated cardiomyopathy
- Role of proteomics in heart transplantation
- Future of application of proteomics in cardiology
- Proteomic technologies for research in pulmonary disorders
- Proteomics of eye disorders
- Use of proteomics in inner ear disorders
- Use of proteomics in aging research
- Removal of altered cellular proteins in aging
- Proteomics and nutrition
8. Commercial Aspects of Proteomics
- Potential markets for proteomic technologies
- Markets for protein separation technologies
- Markets for 2D gel electrophoresis
- Trends in protein separation technolgies and effect on market
- Protein biochip markets
- Mass spectrometry markets
- Markets for MALDI for drug discovery
- Markets for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Market for structure-based drug design
- Bioinformatics markets for proteomics
- Markets for protein biomarkers
- Markets for cell-based protein assays
- Business and strategic considerations
- Cost of protein structure determination
- Opinion surveys of the scientist consumers of proteomic technologies
- Opinions on mass spectrometry
- Opinions on bioinformatics and proteomic databases
- Systems for in vivo study of protein-protein interactions
- Perceptions of the value of protein biochip/microfluidic systems
- Small versus big companies
- Expansion in proteomics according to area of application
- Growth trends in cell-based protein assay market
- Challenges for development of cell-based protein assays
- Future trends and prospects of cell-based protein assays
- Strategic collaborations
- Analysis of proteomics collaborations according to types of companies
- Types of proteomic collaborations
- Proteomics collaborations according to application areas
- Analysis of proteomics collaborations: types of technologies
- Collaborations based on protein biochip technology
- Concluding remarks about proteomic collaborations
- Proteomic patents
- Market drivers in proteomics
- Needs of the pharmaceutical industry
- Need for outsourcing proteomic technologies
- Funding of proteomic companies and research
- Technical advances in proteomics
- Market drivers in proteomics
- Changing trends in healthcare in future
- Challenges facing proteomics
- Magnitude and complexity of the task
- Technical challenges
- Limitations of proteomics
- Limitations of 2DGE
- Limitations of mass spectrometry techniques
- Complexity of the pharmaceutical proteomics
- Unmet needs in proteomics
9. Future of Proteomics
- Genomics to proteomics
- Faster technologies
- FLEXGene repository
- Need for new proteomic technologies
- Emerging proteomic technologies
- Direct protein identification in large genomes by mass spectrometry
- Proteome identification kits with stacked membranes
- Vacuum deposition interface
- In vitro protein biosynthesis
- Proteome mining with adenosine triphosphate
- Proteome-scale purification of human proteins from bacteria
- Proteostasis network
- Cytoproteomics
- Subcellular proteomics
- Individual cell proteomics
- Live cell proteomics
- Fluorescent proteins for live-cell imaging
- Single molecule proteomics
- Membrane proteomics
- Identification of membrane proteins by tandem MS of protein ions
- Multiplex proteomics
- Plasma proteome
- High-throughput for proteomics
- Future directions for protein biochip application
- Bioinformatics for proteomics
- Structural genomics or structural proteomics
- Protein Structure Factory
- Protein Structure Initiative
- Studies on protein structure at Argonne National Laboratory
- Structural Genomics Consortium
- High-Throughput Crystallography Consortium
- Study of protein folding by IBM's Blue Gene
- Study of proteins by atomic force microscopy
- Population proteomics
- Comparative proteome analysis
- Human Proteome Organization
- Human Salivary Proteome
- Academic-commercial collaborations in proteomics
- Indiana Centers for Applied Protein Sciences
- Role of proteomics in the healthcare of the future
- Proteomics and molecular medicine
- Proteodiagnostics
- Proteomics and personalized medicine
- Targeting the ubiquitin pathway for personalized therapy of cancer
- Protein patterns and personalized medicine
- Protein biochips and personalized medicine
- Combination of diagnostics and therapeutics
- Future prospects
10. References
Tables
- Table 1 - 1: Landmarks in the evolution of proteomics
- Table 1 - 2: Comparison of DNA and protein
- Table 1 - 3: Comparison of mRNA and protein
- Table 1 - 4: Methods of analysis at various levels of functional genomics
- Table 2 - 1: Proteomics technologies
- Table 2 - 2: Protein separation technologies of selected companies
- Table 2 - 3: Companies supplying mass spectrometry instruments
- Table 2 - 4: Companies involved in cell-based protein assays
- Table 2 - 5: Methods used for the study of protein-protein interactions
- Table 2 - 6: A selection of companies involved in protein-protein
interaction studies
- Table 2 - 7: Proteomic technologies used with laser capture microdissection
- Table 3 - 1: Applications of protein biochip technology
- Table 3 - 2: Selected companies involved in protein biochip/microarray
technology
- Table 4 - 1: Proteomic databases and other Internet sources of proteomics
information
- Table 4 - 2: Protein interaction databases available on the Internet
- Table 4 - 3: Bioinformatic tools for proteomics from academic sources
- Table 4 - 4: Selected companies involved in bioinformatics for proteomics
- Table 5 - 1: Applications of proteomics in basic biological research
- Table 5 - 2: A sampling of proteomics basic research projects in academic
institutions
- Table 6 - 1: Pharmaceutical applications of proteomics
- Table 6 - 2: Selected companies relevant to MALDI-MS for drug discovery
- Table 6 - 3: Selected companies involved in GPCR-based drug discovery
- Table 6 - 4: Companies involved in drug design based on structural
proteomics
- Table 6 - 5: Proteomic companies with high-throughput protein expression
technologies
- Table 6 - 6: Selected companies involved in chemogenomics/chemoproteomics
- Table 6 - 7: Companies involved in glycoproteomic technologies
- Table 7 - 1: Applications of proteomics in human healthcare
- Table 7 - 2: Companies involved in applications of proteomics to oncology
- Table 7 - 3: Neurodegenerative diseases with underlying protein abnormality
- Table 7 - 4: Disease-specific proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of
patients
- Table 7 - 5: Proteomic databases of cardiac proteins
- Table 7 - 6: Eye disorders and proteomic approaches
- Table 8 - 1: Potential markets for proteomic technologies 2007-2017
- Table 8 - 2: 2007 revenues of major companies from protein separation
technologies
- Table 9 - 1: Role of proteomics in personalizing strategies for cancer
therapy
Figures
- Figure 1 - 1: Relationship of DNA, RNA and protein in the cell
- Figure 1 - 2: Protein production pathway from gene expression to
functional protein with controls
- Figure 1 - 3: Parallels between functional genomics and proteomics
- Figure 2 - 1: Proteomics: flow from sample preparation to characterization
- Figure 2 - 2: The central role of spectrometry in proteomics
- Figure 2 - 3: Electrospray ionization (ESI)
- Figure 2 - 4: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI)
- Figure 2 - 5: Scheme of bio-bar-code assay
- Figure 2 - 6: A diagrammatic presentation of yeast two-hybrid system
- Figure 3 - 1: ProteinChip System
- Figure 3 - 2: Surface plasma resonance (SPR)
- Figure 4 - 1: Role of bioinformatics in integrating
genomic/proteomic-based drug discovery
- Figure 4 - 2: Bottom-up and top-down approaches for protein sequencing
- Figure 6 - 1: Drug discovery process
- Figure 6 - 2: Regulatory changes induced by drugs and implemented at the
proteins level
- Figure 6 - 3: The mTOR pathways
- Figure 6 - 4: Steps in shotgun proteomics
- Figure 6 - 5: Chemogenomic approach to drug discovery (3-Dimensional
Therapeutics)
- Figure 7 - 1: Relation of oncoproteomics to other technologies
- Figure 7 - 2: A scheme of proteomics applications in CNS drug discovery
and development
- Figure 8 - 1: Types of companies involved in proteomics collaborations
- Figure 8 - 2: Types of collaborations: R & D, licensing or marketing
- Figure 8 - 3: Proteomics collaborations according to application areas
- Figure 8 - 4: Proteomics collaborations according to technologies
- Figure 8 - 5: Unmet needs in proteomics
- Figure 9 - 1: A scheme of the role of proteomics in personalized
management of cancer
|
