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SUMMARY
Optimistic short-term outlook for cobalt prices
World production of cobalt has increased steadily year-on-year, and has almost
trebled from around 20,000t in 1995 to an estimated 54,000t in 2005, an
average rate of growth of over 12%py. Since 2002, the strongest growth in
production of cobalt has come in China, where output grew at over 60%py to
12,700 in 2005, as a result of expansions by domestic producers. Other recent
increases have come from new projects including Voisey's Bay in Canada (Inco),
Coral Bay in the Philippines (Sumitomo) and Sally Malay in Australia (Sally
Malay and Sumitomo). Estimates put world demand for cobalt at around 56,000t
in 2006, up from around 54,000t in 2005 due to continuing demand from Asia.
The major end-use for cobalt continues to be in superalloys, which, after a
recovery in the aerospace industry since 2002, represented 22% of total
consumption in 2006. However, growth in the secondary battery market,
particularly lithium-ion products, has caused demand in that sector to rise
rapidly from 11% in 2003 to almost 22% in 2006. The short-term outlook for
cobalt prices seems optimistic as demand for cobalt is expected to continue to
grow strongly in 2007 and 2008, while supply may struggle to keep up, as most
of the major projects in development are not due on-stream until 2008.
The key trends, issues and developments in the market are analysed in this
major new report from Roskill. It provides a clear insight into the industry
and its trends, and an authoritative analysis of the prospects for the future.
What the report gives you
- Independent, in-depth research and analysis
- Essential market intelligence for successful business planning
- Detailed survey of production and processing in 35 countries
- Up-to-date profiles of the activities of over 90 current and potential
cobalt producing and processing companies, including OM Group, Jinchuan
Non-ferrous Metals, CVRD Inco Ltd. and ZCCM
- Forecasts for end-use consumption and world supply and demand
Report highlights
Growth in future production of cobalt is increasingly dependent on nickel and
copper projects, which are themselves dependent on demand for the primary
metals produced. The potential additional capacity for 2007 is around 5,500t
with the Ravensthorpe and Browns nickel-cobalt projects in Australia almost
certainly coming into production However, the timing of these projects may
mean that output from these projects will not enter the market until 2008.
Global demand for cobalt was split fairly evenly in 2001, with Europe leading
the way, accounting for around 30% of consumption, followed by the Americas
(29%) and Japan (20%), while the rest of the world represented less than 20%
of demand. By 2006, the breakdown of world cobalt consumption had changed
significantly, principally due to rapid growth in demand in emerging Asian
economies. China's share of world consumption of cobalt increased from 3% in
1997 to 20% in 2006.
Demand for cobalt in catalysts has exhibited significant growth in recent
years on the back of strong demand for cleaner fuels, particularly low-sulphur
diesel, polyester fibre and PET production, and in the gas-to-liquid
conversion process.
While the developed economies in North America and Europe are forecast to show
lower rates of growth in demand for cobalt pigments, the developing economies
in Asia and other regions have a much greater potential for growth. Overall,
growth in these markets will probably be around 4%py worldwide, adding around
1,000tpy to cobalt demand in pigments by 2011.
The medium-term outlook for demand for cobalt appears to be optimistic,
although there could be some factors that slow any growth. While high oil
prices could affect world economic growth, there may also be a desire on the
part of the Chinese government to control any further development in order to
prevent the economy overheating.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Summary
2. Occurrence, geology and reserves of cobalt
- 2.1 Occurrence of cobalt
- 2.2 Geology of cobalt
- 2.2.1 Stratiform copper deposits
- 2.2.2 Magmatic nickel deposits
- 2.2.3 Lateritic nickel deposits
- 2.2.4 Hydrothermal deposits
- 2.3 Reserves of cobalt
3. World production of cobalt
- 3.1 Historical perspective on world production of cobalt
- 3.2 Outlook for world production of cobalt
4. Review of cobalt-producing countries and companies
- 4.1 Albania
- 4.2 Australia
- 4.2.1 Cobalt-producing companies
- 4.2.1.1 BHP Billiton
- 4.2.1.2 Minara Resources Limited
- 4.2.1.3 OMG Cawse Pty Limited
- 4.2.1.4 Fox Resources Limited
- 4.2.1.5 Sally Malay Mining Ltd
- 4.2.2 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.2.2.1 Compass Resources NL
- 4.2.2.2 Gladstone Pacific Nickel Ltd.
- 4.2.2.3 Heron Resources
- 4.2.2.4 Metallica Minerals Ltd.
- 4.2.2.5 Metals Exploration NL
- 4.2.2.6 Jervois Mining Ltd.
- 4.2.2.7 Havilah Resources NL
- 4.2.2.8 GME Resources
- 4.2.2.9 Black Range Minerals Ltd.
- 4.2.3 Past producers of cobalt in Australia
- 4.2.3.1 Preston Resources NL
- 4.3 Belgium
- 4.4 Botswana
- 4.5 Brazil
- 4.5.1 Cia. Niquel Tocantins
- 4.5.2 Mineração Serra da Fortaleza
- 4.5.3 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.6 Burkina Faso
- 4.7 Burundi
- 4.8 Cameroon
- 4.9 Canada
- 4.9.1 Cobalt-producing companies
- 4.9.1.2 Xstrata plc (formerly Falconbridge)
- 4.9.1.3 CVRD Inco Ltd.
- 4.9.1.4 Sherritt International Corp.
- 4.9.1.5 FNX Mining Company Inc.
- 4.9.2 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.9.3 Past producers of cobalt in Canada
- 4.9.3.1 Canmine Resources Corp.
- 4.10 China
- 4.10.1 Cobalt producing companies
- 4.10.1.1 Jinchuan Non-ferrous Metals Corp.
- 4.10.1.2 Umicore
- 4.10.1.3 Other cobalt producers
- 4.11 Congo (Democratic Republic)
- 4.11.1 Cobalt producing companies
- 4.11.1.1 La Générale des Carrières et des Mines
du Zaire (Gécamines)
- 4.11.1.2 Central African Mining and Exploration Company
- 4.11.1.3 Chemaf
- 4.11.1.4 Costamin Resources
- 4.11.1.5 Feza Mining
- 4.11.1.6 Kababankola Mining Company
- 4.11.1.7 Enterprise Générale Malta Forrest
- 4.11.1.8 Metorex Ltd.
- 4.11.1.9 OM Group Inc.
- 4.11.2 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.11.2.1 Africo Resources Ltd.
- 4.11.2.2 Anvil Mining
- 4.11.2.3 First Quantum Minerals Ltd.
- 4.11.2.4 International Barytex Resources Ltd.
- 4.11.2.5 Katanga Mining Company
- 4.11.2.3 KHGM Polska Miedz
- 4.11.2.4 Mopani Copper Mines
- 4.11.2.5 Mwana Africa
- 4.11.2.6 Nikanor
- 4.11.2.7 Simberi Mining Corp.
- 4.11.2.8 Teal Exploration & Mining
- 4.11.2.9 Tenke Mining Corp.
- 4.11.2.10 Tiger Resources
- 4.12 Cuba
- 4.12.1 Cubaniquel
- 4.12.2 Moa Bay SA
- 4.12.3 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.13 Finland
- 4.13.1 OM Group Inc.
- 4.13.2 Potential cobalt producing projects
- 4.14 France
- 4.15 Guatemala
- 4.16 India
- 4.16.1 Rubamin Limited
- 4.16.2 Nicomet
- 4.17 Indonesia
- 4.17.1 PT Aneka Tambang
- 4.17.2 PT International Nickel Indonesia
- 4.17.3 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.17.3.1 Gag Island
- 4.17.3.2 Weda Bay
- 4.18 Ivory Coast
- 4.19 Japan
- 4.20 Madagascar
- 4.21 Mexico
- 4.22 Morocco
- 4.23 New Caledonia
- 4.23.1 Cobalt producing companies
- 4.23.2 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.23.2.1 Goro
- 4.23.2.2 Nakety/Bogota
- 4.24 Norway
- 4.24.1 Nikkelverk
- 4.24.2 Potential cobalt producing projects
- 4.25 Papua New Guinea
- 4.25.1 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.25.1.1 Ramu
- 4.25.1.2 Wowo Gap
- 4.26 Philippines
- 4.26.1 Coral Bay
- 4.26.2 Rio Tuba Nickel Mining Corporation
- 4.26.3 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.26.3.1 Adlay-Cadianao-Tandaws
- 4.26.3.2 Celestial
- 4.26.3.3 Mindoro
- 4.26.3.4 Nonoc
- 4.27 Russia
- 4.27.1 Cobalt-producing companies
- 4.27.1.1 Mining & Metallurgical Company (MMC) Norilsk Nickel
- 4.27.1.2 Ufaleynickel
- 4.27.1.3 Yuzhuralnickel
- 4.28 South Africa
- 4.28.1 Cobalt-producing companies
- 4.28.1.1 Anglo American Platinum
- 4.28.1.2 Impala Platinum Ltd.
- 4.28.1.3 African Rainbow Minerals
- 4.28.1.4 Western Platinum Ltd.
- 4.29 Tanzania
- 4.30 Turkey
- 4.31 Uganda
- 4.31.1 Kasese Cobalt Company Ltd.
- 4.31.2 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.31.2.1 Uganda Gold Mining Ltd.
- 4.32 UK
- 4.33 USA
- 4.33.1 Cobalt chemical producers
- 4.33.1.1 OM Group Inc.
- 4.33.1.2 Shepherd Chemical Company
- 4.33.1.3 Other cobalt producers
- 4.33.2 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.33.2.1 Formation Capital Corp.
- 4.33.2.2 PolyMet Mining Corp.
- 4.33.2.3 Anschutz Mining Corp.
- 4.33.2.4 Teck Cominco
- 4.33.2.5 Black Hawk Mining
- 4.33.2.6 Noranda Inc.
- 4.34 Zambia
- 4.34.1 Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Ltd.
- 4.34.2 Cobalt-producing companies
- 4.34.2.1 Chambishi Metals Plc
- 4.34.2.2 Mopani Copper Mines Plc
- 4.34.2.3 Luanshya Copper Mines
- 4.34.3 Potential cobalt-producing projects
- 4.34.3.1 Albidon Ltd.
- 4.34.3.2 Caledonia Mining Corp.
- 4.34.3.3 Equinox Resources Ltd.
- 4.34.3.4 Orion Mining Zambia
- 4.34.3.5 SLH Engineering
- 4.34.4 Past cobalt-producing companies
- 4.34.4.1 Konkola Copper Mines (KCM)
- 4.34.4.2 Metorex Consortium
- 4.35 Zimbabwe
- 4.35.1 Bindura Nickel Corporation
- 4.35.2 Potential cobalt-producing projects
5. International trade in cobalt
- 5.1 International trade in cobalt ores and concentrates
- 5.2 International trade in cobalt metal
- 5.3 International trade in cobalt compounds
6. World consumption of cobalt
- 6.1 Consumption of cobalt by end-use
- 6.2 Consumption of cobalt by form
- 6.3 Outlook for world consumption of cobalt
7. End-uses for cobalt
- 7.1 Cobalt in high performance alloys/superalloys
- 7.1.1 Types of high performance alloy
- 7.1.2 Nickel-base high performance alloys
- 7.1.3 Cobalt-base high performance alloys
- 7.1.4 Iron-base high performance alloys
- 7.1.5 High performance alloy processing technology
- 7.1.5.1 Single crystal high performance alloys
- 7.1.5.2 Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys
- 7.1.5.3 Powder metallurgy and hot isostatic pressing
- 7.1.5.4 Isothermal forging
- 7.1.5.5 Horizontal casting
- 7.1.5.6 Vacuum sprayforming
- 7.1.6 Consumption and markets for high performance alloys
- 7.1.6.1 Aerospace uses
- 7.1.6.2 Non-aerospace uses
- 7.1.7 Consumption and outlook for cobalt in high performance alloys
- 7.2 Cobalt in batteries
- 7.2.1 Use of cobalt in batteries
- 7.2.2 Production and markets for secondary batteries
- 7.2.3 Electric vehicles
- 7.2.4 Consumption and outlook for cobalt in batteries
- 7.3 Cobalt in cemented carbides
- 7.3.1 Use of cobalt in cemented carbides
- 7.3.2 Carbide cutting tool design
- 7.3.3 Applications for cemented carbides
- 7.3.4 Production of cemented carbides
- 7.3.5 Production of cemented carbides in China
- 7.3.6 Production of cemented carbides in the USA
- 7.3.7 Production of ultra-hard tools in Japan
- 7.3.8 Production of cemented carbides in Europe
- 7.3.9 Consumption of cobalt in cemented carbides
- 7.3.10 Outlook for cobalt in cemented carbides
- 7.4 Cobalt in catalysts
- 7.4.1 Use of cobalt in catalysts
- 7.4.1.1 Use of cobalt in terephthalic acid/dimethyl terephthalate
catalysts
- 7.4.1.2 Use of cobalt in hydroprocessing catalysts
- 7.4.1.3 Use of cobalt in gas-to-liquid catalysts
- 7.4.2 Catalyst regeneration and catalyst recycling
- 7.4.3 Consumption and outlook for cobalt in catalysts
- 7.5 Cobalt in pigments
- 7.5.1 Use of cobalt as a pigment
- 7.5.2 Cobalt pigments in ceramics
- 7.5.3 Cobalt pigments in glass
- 7.5.4 Consumption and outlook for cobalt in pigments
- 7.6 Cobalt soaps
- 7.6.1 Cobalt soaps in paint driers
- 7.6.2 Cobalt soaps in tyre adhesives
- 7.6.3 Consumption and outlook for cobalt in cobalt soaps
- 7.7 Cobalt in magnets
- 7.7.1 Use of cobalt in magnets
- 7.7.2 Production and markets for permanent magnets
- 7.7.3 Magnetic recording media
- 7.7.4 Consumption and outlook for cobalt in magnets
- 7.8 Cobalt in hardfacing and other alloys
- 7.8.1 Welding and hardfacing alloys
- 7.8.2 Cutting and wear-resistant alloys
- 7.8.3 Other cobalt alloys
- 7.8.4 Consumption of cobalt in hardfacing and other alloys
- 7.9 Other end-uses for cobalt
8. Cobalt prices
- 8.1 Prices for cobalt metal
- 8.2 Prices for cobalt compounds
- 8.3 Outlook for cobalt prices
List of Tables
- Table 1: Cobalt ore minerals
- Table 2: World: Estimated cobalt reserves and reserve base, 2005
- Table 3: World: Production and supply of refined cobalt by country, 1997
to 2005
- Table 4: World: Major potential cobalt-producing projects
- Table 5: Australia: Mine and refined production of cobalt, 1997 to 2005
- Table 6: Australia: QNI Ltd. production and sales of nickel and cobalt,
1997 to 2005
- Table 7: Australia: WMC: Nickel division production, 1999 to 2004
- Table 8: Australia: Sales of cobalt by WMC, 1999 to 2006
- Table 9: Australia: Minara Resources: Production of nickel and cobalt,
2000 to 2005
- Table 10: Australia: Minara Resources: Mineable ore reserves, 2002 and 2005
- Table 11: Australia: Production of nickel and cobalt by Centaur Mining,
1998 to 2001
- Table 12: Australia: Fox Resources: Resources at Radio Hill and Mt.
Sholldeposits, 2005
- Table 13: Botswana: BCL Ltd. ore reserve reconciliation, end 1998
- Table 14: Botswana: BCL Ltd. production of ore, concentrates and metal,
1997 to 2005
- Table 15: Brazil: Cia Niquel Tocantins: Production of nickel and cobalt,
1997 to 2005
- Table 16: Burundi: Buhinda deposit resources
- Table 17: Canada: Mine and refinery production of cobalt, 1996 to 2005
- Table 18: Canada: Falconbridge: Cobalt production, 1993 to 2005
- Table 19: Canada: Metal production by Inco Ltd., 1990 to 2005
- Table 20: Canada: CVRD Inco Ltd.: Ontario Division mines, 2005
- Table 21: Canada: Production of nickel and cobalt by Sherritt
International, 1990 to 2005
- Table 22: DRC: Production of cobalt, 1990 to 2005
- Table 23: DRC: Current/past copper-cobalt operations by area
- Table 24: DRC: Gécamines partnerships
- Table 25: Cuba: Mine production of nickel and cobalt, 1991 to 2005
- Table 26: Finland: Production of refined cobalt, 1990 to 2005
- Table 27: France: ERAMET: Production of cobalt chloride, 1990 to 2005
- Table 28: Indonesia: PT Antam: Nickel production, 1999 to 2005
- Table 29: Indonesia: P.T. Inco: Production of nickel in matte, 1995 to 2005
- Table 30: Japan: Sumitomo Metal Mining: Output of refined cobalt, 1990 to
2005
- Table 31: Morocco: CTT: Production of cobalt, 1990 to 2005
- Table 32: New Caledonia: Mine production of cobalt, 1990 to 2005
- Table 33: Norway: Nikkelverk: Production of nickel and cobalt, 1990 to 2005
- Table 34: Russia: Mine and refined production of cobalt, 1990 to 2005
- Table 35: South Africa: Production of cobalt, 1990 to 2005
- Table 36: USA: Imports of cobalt by form, 1999 to 2005
- Table 37: USA: DLA sales and shipments of cobalt, 1993 to 2005
- Table 38: Zambia: Production of cobalt, 1990 to 2005
- Table 39: ZCCM: Privatisation packages, 1997
- Table 40: Zimbabwe: Production of cobalt, 1990 to 2005
- Table 41: World: Exports of cobalt ores and concentrates, 1998 to 2005
- Table 42: World: Imports of cobalt ores and concentrates, 1998 to 2005
- Table 43: World: Exports of cobalt mattes, powders, unwrought cobalt,
articles of cobalt and cobalt waste and scrap, 1998 to 2005
- Table 44: World: Imports of cobalt mattes, powders, unwrought cobalt,
articles of cobalt and cobalt waste and scrap, 1998 to 2005
- Table 45: World: Exports of cobalt oxides and hydroxides, 1998 to 2005
- Table 46: World: Imports of cobalt oxides and hydroxides, 1998 to 2005
- Table 47: World: Exports of cobalt chlorides, 1998 to 2005
- Table 48: World: Imports of cobalt chlorides, 1998 to 2005
- Table 49: World: Exports of cobalt acetates, 1998 to 2005
- Table 50: World: Imports of cobalt acetates, 1998 to 2005
- Table 51: World: Primary consumption of cobalt by country, 2000 to 2006
- Table 52: USA: Consumption of cobalt by end-use, 2001 to 2006
- Table 53: Japan: Consumption of cobalt by end-use, 1991 to 2006
- Table 54: USA: Consumption of cobalt by form, 1990 to 2006
- Table 55: Japan: Imports of cobalt by form, 1990 to 2006
- Table 56: Scenarios for future growth in demand for cobalt by end-use,
2006 to 2011
- Table 57: Elements and their function in superalloys
- Table 58: Leading producers of high performance alloys
- Table 59: Composition of cobalt-containing nickel-base high performance
alloys
- Table 60: Composition of selected cobalt-base high performance alloys
- Table 61: Composition of cobalt-containing iron-base high performance
alloys
- Table 62: Composition of typical single crystal nickel-base superalloys
- Table 63: Japan: Shipments of nickel alloys and superalloys by type, 1995
to 2003
- Table 64: End-uses for high performance alloys produced by Special Metals
Inc. and Cabot Corp.
- Table 65: Leading manufacturers of aircraft engines
- Table 66: Manufacturers of engines for major aircraft and their products,
2006
- Table 67: USA: Consumption of cobalt in superalloys, 1987 to 2006
- Table 68: World: Forecast demand for superalloys, divided by area, 2006 to
2011
- Table 69: Technical comparison of rechargeable batteries
- Table 70: Japan: Production of secondary batteries, 1994 to 2005
- Table 71: Nominal energy density of energy sources
- Table 72: Forecast production of secondary batteries and consumption of
cobalt, 2006 to 2011
- Table 73: Typical physical properties of OMG submicron WC powders
- Table 74: Grades of hardmetal by ISO, US and BHMA classification
- Table 75: China: Production and exports of cemented carbides, 2000 to 2006
- Table 76: Locations and production capacity of Chinese cemented carbide
manufacturers in selected provinces, 2004
- Table 77: Japan: Production of ultra-hard tools, 2001 to 2005
- Table 78: Japan: Production of ultra-hard metals by end-use, 2001 to 2005
- Table 79: Japan: Consumption of raw materials in ultra-hard tools, 2001 to
2005
- Table 80: China, USA & Japan: Consumption of cobalt in cemented carbides,
1988 to 2006
- Table 81: Producers of petroleum refining catalysts containing cobalt as
an active agent, 2005
- Table 82: Producers of cobalt-based catalysts for oil refining
- Table 83: World: Major gas-to-liquid projects
- Table 84: World: Consumption of cobalt, by catalytic application, 1998 to
2006
- Table 85: World: Market for catalysts, by market segment, 2001 to 2011
- Table 86: World: Demand for PET 2006 to 2011
- Table 87: Typical cobalt-containing ceramic pigments
- Table 88: Italy: Most important pigments for tile manufacturing and
estimated consumption, 1999
- Table 89: World: Growth in selected ceramics markets, 1990 to 1999
- Table 90: World: Production of ceramic tiles by leading countries, 2001 to
2006
- Table 91: World: Consumption of ceramic tiles by leading countries, 2001
to 2006
- Table 92: World: Leading glass producers, 2005
- Table 93: Effectiveness of metal soap driers
- Table 94: Typical solvent-borne alkyd paint composition
- Table 95: Typical and maximum concentrations for ambient cure alkyd drier
systems
- Table 96: World: Production of car and truck tyres, 1998 and 2005
- Table 97: World: Market for paints, 2000, 2006 and 2011
- Table 98: World: Sales of passenger car tyres, by region, 2004 to 2015
- Table 99: Cobalt content and magnetic properties of commercially important
permanent magnet alloys
- Table 100: Common applications for permanent magnets
- Table 101: Average prices and relative values of permanent magnetic
materials, 1998 and 2003
- Table 102: World: Production of Alnico magnets, 1994 to 2006
- Table 103: Japan: Production of permanent magnets, 2002 and 2005
- Table 104: Properties and applications for Stellites
- Table 105: World: Demand for cobalt in orthopaedic applications, 1996 to
2006
- Table 106: USA: Average values of imports of cobalt compounds, 2000 to 2004
List of Figures
- Figure 1: World: Comparison of supply, demand, prices and stock movements
for cobalt, 1997 to 2006
- Figure 2: World: Mine and refinery production of cobalt, 1970 to 2005
- Figure 3: World: Production of refined cobalt by country, 1990 to 2005
- Figure 4: Nickel West: Diagram of operations
- Figure 5: World: Consumption of cobalt by country/region, 2001 and 2006
- Figure 6: World: Consumption of cobalt by end-use, 2001 and 2006
- Figure 7: Division of world high performance alloy market by region, 2006
- Figure 8: Division of world high performance alloy market by industry, 2006
- Figure 9: USA: Aerospace industry sales by product group, 1988 to 2006
- Figure 10: Boeing and Airbus: Historic and forecast aircraft deliveries,
1990 to 2006
- Figure 11: Boeing and Airbus: Aircraft orders, 1994 to 2006
- Figure 12: USA: Comparison of civil aircraft sales and cobalt consumption
in superalloys, 1988 to 2006
- Figure 13: World: Evolution of the passenger aircraft fleet, 2005 to 2025
- Figure 14: World: Civil aircraft engine deliveries, 1982 to 2021
- Figure 15: World: Sales of rechargeable batteries, 1985 to 2006
- Figure 16: World: Rechargeable lithium ion battery production, 1999 to 2006
- Figure 17: Japan: Output of secondary batteries by type of cell, 1993 and
2005
- Figure 18: Conversion from powders to cemented carbides
- Figure 19: World: Demand for hardmetals, by region and end-use, 1995
- Figure 20: China: Production of cemented carbides by end use, 2004
- Figure 21: USA, Japan & China: Consumption of cobalt in cemented carbides,
1988 to 2006
- Figure 22: World: Demand for PTA, by country/region, 2003 and 2006
- Figure 23: World: PTA production capacity, by region, 1981 to 2006
- Figure 24: World: DMT production capacity, by region, 1998
- Figure 25: World: Market for refining catalysts, by market, 2006
- Figure 26: Major countries: Production of ceramic tiles, 2001 and 2006
- Figure 27: Major countries: Consumption of tiles, 2001 and 2006
- Figure 28: EU: Market for glass, divided by type, 2005
- Figure 29: EU: Production of glass, 1985 to 2005
- Figure 30: World: Market for coatings, 2001 and 2006
- Figure 31: World: Leading manufacturers of paint, 1979 and 2004
- Figure 32: World: Market for tyres, by region, 2001 to 2005
- Figure 33: World: Leading tyre manufacturers, 2005
- Figure 34: World: Estimated market for permanent magnets, by material, 2006
- Figure 35: World: Production of permanent magnets, by country/region, 2004
- Figure 36: China: Production of permanent magnets, 1990 to 2006
- Figure 37: USA, Japan and China: Consumption of cobalt in magnets, 1987 to
2006
- Figure 38: World: Average annual price for cobalt metal, 1937 to 2005
- Figure 39: European free market and African producer prices for cobalt,
1985 to 2006
- Figure 40: Europe: Average monthly high and low prices for cobalt metal,
1997 to 2006
- Figure 41: Europe: Comparison of prices for 99.3% Co and 99.8% Co cobalt
metal, 1997 to 2006
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