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The Economics of Bauxite & Alumina 7th Edition, 2008
Product Type: Market Research Report Publication Date: Aug 28, 2008
 
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SUMMARY

Some highlights from the report

Chinese production of alumina, driven by rapidly expanding demand for aluminium, grew at an average rate of 22%py between 1998 and 2007, and by 42% in 2007 alone. The demand for bauxite that this expansion generated was met by a rapid opportunistic increase in Indonesian bauxite output, resulting in Chinese imports from Indonesia rising from 832kt in 2004 to 15.4Mt in 2007. This rate of imports continued into 2008 with China importing 8.8Mt in the first four months of the year, 4.8Mt of which came from Indonesia.

With some 25Mtpy of new alumina capacity planned in China in the next two to three years, demand for bauxite, much of which will have to be imported, will continue to rise. It is not clear if the Indonesian bauxite mining industry will be able to support Chinese demand in the long term, and higher priced imports from India are also growing rapidly. The Chinese alumina industry is also looking to Australia as a source of bauxite. Chalco, China's largest alumina producer, is investing in the 7.5Mtpy Aurukun project in northern Queensland.

A detailed global study

The report contains over 370 pages, illustrated with 202 tables and 79 figures.

Main sections

  • 1. Summary
  • 2. History, occurrence, properties and resources of bauxite
  • 3. Mining and processing of bauxite and alumina
  • 4. Bauxite and alumina production data
  • 5. Exploration, bauxite mining and alumina refining by country
  • 6. Consumption of bauxite and alumina
  • 7. Uses of bauxite, alumina and ATH
  • 8. International trade in bauxite, ATH and alumina
  • 9. Prices and marketing of bauxite and alumina

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Summary

2. History, occurrence, properties and resources of bauxite

  • 2.1. History of bauxite and alumina
  • 2.2. Occurrence of bauxite
  • 2.3. Properties of bauxite
  • 2.4. Resources of bauxite

3. Mining and processing of bauxite and alumina

  • 3.1. Mining and preparation of bauxite
  • 3.2. Alumina production processes
    • 3.2.1. Alumina products
      • 3.2.1.1. Alumina trihydrate (ATH)
      • 3.2.1.2. Smelter grade alumina
      • 3.2.1.3. Calcined alumina
      • 3.2.1.4. High-purity calcined alumina
      • 3.2.1.5. Ultra high-purity alumina
      • 3.2.1.6. Tabular or sintered alumina
      • 3.2.1.7. Fused alumina
      • 3.2.1.8. Activated alumina
      • 3.2.1.9. Reactive alumina
      • 3.2.1.10. Secondary alumina
  • 3.3. Environmental impact of bauxite mining and processing
  • 3.4. Alumina production costs

4. Bauxite and alumina production data

  • 4.1. Bauxite production data
    • 4.1.1. Bauxite production data by region
      • 4.1.1.1. Asia
      • 4.1.1.2. Australia
      • 4.1.1.3. Caribbean/South America
      • 4.1.1.4. Africa
      • 4.1.1.5. Europe
    • 4.1.2. Bauxite production data by country
    • 4.1.3. Bauxite mining companies
  • 4.2. Alumina production data
    • 4.2.1. Alumina production data by region
      • 4.2.1.1. Asia
      • 4.2.1.2. Australia
      • 4.2.1.3. South America and the Caribbean
      • 4.2.1.4. Europe
      • 4.2.1.5. North America
      • 4.2.1.6. Africa
    • 4.2.2. Alumina production data by country
    • 4.2.3. Alumina production data by type
    • 4.2.4. Alumina producing companies
    • 4.2.5. Fused alumina production data
    • 4.2.6. Tabular (sintered) alumina producing companies
    • 4.2.7. Comparison of bauxite and alumina production data by region
    • 4.2.8. New capacity and production outlook for bauxite and alumina
  • 4.3. Secondary alumina production

5. Exploration, bauxite mining and alumina refining by country

  • 5.1. Australia
    • 5.1.1. Production of bauxite and alumina in Australia
    • 5.1.2. Alcoa of Australia
      • 5.1.2.1. Bauxite mining
      • 5.1.2.2. Alumina production
    • 5.1.3. Rio Tinto Alcan
      • 5.1.3.1. Weipa Bauxite Mine
      • 5.1.3.2. Gove Bauxite Mine
      • 5.1.3.3. Yarwun Alumina Refinery
      • 5.1.3.4. Gove Alumina Refinery
    • 5.1.4. Queensland Alumina Ltd
    • 5.1.5. Worsley Alumina Pty Limited
    • 5.1.6. Australian Fused Materials Pty Limited
    • 5.1.7. Other projects
      • 5.1.7.1. Aurukun
      • 5.1.7.2. Mitchell Plateau-Cape Bougainville
      • 5.1.7.3. Pisolite Hills Bauxite Project
      • 5.1.7.4. Abbot Point
      • 5.1.7.5. Kingaroy
      • 5.1.7.6. Chandler
  • 5.2. Azerbaijan
  • 5.3. Bahrain
  • 5.4. Bosnia-Herzegovina
  • 5.5. Brazil
    • 5.5.1. Alcoa Aluminio SA
    • 5.5.2. Alumar Consortium
    • 5.5.3. Alumina do Norte do Brasil SA (Alunorte)
    • 5.5.4. Caracuru
    • 5.5.5. Companhia Brasileira de Alumino SA (CBA)
    • 5.5.6. Companhia Brasileira de Bauxita (CBB)
    • 5.5.7. Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (Vale)
    • 5.5.8. Juruti
    • 5.5.9. Mineracao Curimbaba Limitada
    • 5.5.10. Mineracao Rio do Norte AS (MRN)
    • 5.5.11. Novelis do Brasil
    • 5.5.12. Rio Pomba Empresa de Mineracao
    • 5.5.13. Rio Tinto Alcan exploration
    • 5.5.14. Producers of fused alumina
  • 5.6. Cameroon
  • 5.7. Canada
    • 5.7.1. Rio Tinto Alcan
    • 5.7.2. Other producers
  • 5.8. Chad
  • 5.9. China
    • 5.9.1. Bauxite resources in China
    • 5.9.2. Bauxite and alumina operations in China
      • 5.9.2.1. Aluminium Corporation of China (Chalco)
      • 5.9.2.2. Chiping Xinfa Huayu Aluminium
      • 5.9.2.3. Chongqing Bosai Mining
      • 5.9.2.4. Guangxi Huayin Aluminium
      • 5.9.2.5. Henan Yima Coal
      • 5.9.2.6. Shanxi Luneng Jinbei Aluminium
      • 5.9.2.7. Yimei Group
      • 5.9.2.8. Yunnan Aluminium
    • 5.9.3. Non-metallurgical bauxite and fused alumina production in China
      • 5.9.3.1. Almatis
      • 5.9.3.2. Bosai Minerals Group
      • 5.9.3.3. CMP Tianjin
      • 5.9.3.4. C-E Minerals
      • 5.9.3.5. HaiCheng HuaYin Group
      • 5.9.3.6. Jie Xiu Bauxite Plant
      • 5.9.3.7. Morgan Matroc
      • 5.9.3.8. Shandong Refractories Corp
      • 5.9.3.9. Taiyuan Wyplex Industrial
  • 5.10. Croatia
  • 5.11. Dominican Republic
  • 5.12. Dubai
  • 5.13. France
    • 5.13.1. Bauxite mining in France
    • 5.13.2. Alumina production in France
    • 5.13.3. Other producers
  • 5.14. Germany
    • 5.14.1. Almatis
    • 5.14.2. Alufin GmbH Tabulaoxid
    • 5.14.3. Aluminium Oxid Stade GmbH
    • 5.14.4. Martinswerk GmbH
    • 5.14.5. Nabaltec GmbH
    • 5.14.6. Wester Mineralien
    • 5.14.7. Other producers
  • 5.15. Ghana
    • 5.15.1. Ghana Bauxite Company (GBC)
  • 5.16. Greece
    • 5.16.1. Aluminium de Grece SA
    • 5.16.2. S&B Industrial Minerals
    • 5.16.3. Hellenic Mining Enterprises (Elmin)
  • 5.17. Guinea
    • 5.17.1. Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee (CBG)
    • 5.17.2. Aluminium Company of Guinea (ACG)
    • 5.17.3. Compagnie des Bauxites de Kindia
    • 5.17.4. Future projects in Guinea
      • 5.17.4.1. Global Alumina Products Corporation - Sangaredi Alumina Project
      • 5.17.4.2. Rio Tinto Alcan and Alcoa World Alumina
      • 5.17.4.3. Dian Dian - UC Rusal
      • 5.17.4.4. Navasota Resources - AMIG exploration projects
      • 5.17.4.5. Chalco
  • 5.18. Guyana
    • 5.18.1. Bauxite resources in Guyana
    • 5.18.2. Bauxite production in Guyana
    • 5.18.3. Aroaima Bauxite Company - Bauxite Co of Guyana
    • 5.18.4. Omai Bauxite Mining
  • 5.19. Hungary
    • 5.19.1. Magyar Aluminium Production (MAL)
    • 5.19.2. Motim Co Ltd
  • 5.2. India
    • 5.20.1. Bauxite resources in India
    • 5.20.2. Bauxite and alumina production in India
      • 5.20.2.1. National Aluminium Company Limited (Nalco)
      • 5.20.2.2. Hindalco Industries Limited (Hindalco)
      • 5.20.2.3. Vedanta Resources
      • 5.20.2.4. Ashapura Minechem
      • 5.20.2.5. Other producers
      • 5.20.2.6. Other bauxite and alumina projects
  • 5.21. Indonesia
    • 5.21.1. P.T. Aneka Tambang
  • 5.22. Iran
  • 5.23. Ireland
  • 5.24. Italy
    • 5.24.1. Eurallumina SpA
  • 5.25. Jamaica
    • 5.25.1. Bauxite resources in Jamaica
    • 5.25.2. Production of bauxite and alumina in Jamaica
      • 5.25.2.1. The Alumina Partners of Jamaica (Alpart)
      • 5.25.2.2. West Indies Aluminium Company (Windalco)
      • 5.25.2.3. Jamalco
      • 5.25.2.4. St Ann Bauxite
  • 5.26. Japan
    • 5.26.1. Nippon Light Metal Company Limited (NLM)
    • 5.26.2. Showa Denko KK
    • 5.26.3. Sumitomo Chemical Company
    • 5.26.4. Other producers
  • 5.27. Kazakhstan
    • 5.27.1. Production of bauxite and alumina in Kazakhstan
  • 5.28. South Korea
  • 5.29. Laos
  • 5.3. Madagascar
  • 5.31. Malawi
  • 5.32. Malaysia
  • 5.33. Montenegro
  • 5.34. Mozambique
  • 5.35. Netherlands
  • 5.36. Norway
  • 5.37. Pakistan
  • 5.38. Romania
    • 5.38.1. BBG Alum SA
    • 5.38.2. Cemtrade SA
  • 5.39. Russia
    • 5.39.1. Resources of bauxite in Russia
    • 5.39.2. Production of bauxite and alumina in Russia
      • 5.39.2.1. UC Rusal
      • 5.39.2.2. Severo-Onezhsky Bauxite Mine (SOBR)
  • 5.4. Saudi Arabia
  • 5.41. Serbia
  • 5.42. Sierra Leone
  • 5.43. Slovakia
  • 5.44. Slovenia
  • 5.45. South Africa
  • 5.46. Spain
  • 5.47. Suriname
    • 5.47.1. Bauxite mining in Suriname
    • 5.47.2. Alumina refining in Suriname
  • 5.48. Togo
  • 5.49. Turkey
  • 5.5. Ukraine
    • 5.50.1. Nikolaev Alumina Plant (NGZ)
    • 5.50.2. Zaporozhye Alumina Plant
    • 5.50.3. Zaporozhsky Abrasive Combine
  • 5.51. UK
    • 5.51.1. BHP Billiton Plc
    • 5.51.2. Rio Tinto
    • 5.51.3. Washington Mills Electro Minerals Corporation
    • 5.51.4. Other processors of bauxite and alumina
  • 5.52. USA
    • 5.52.1. Bauxite mining in the USA
    • 5.52.2. Alumina production in he USA
      • 5.52.2.1. Aluminium Company of America (Alcoa)
      • 5.52.2.2. Gramercy Alumina - Century Aluminium/Apollo Management
      • 5.52.2.3. Sherwin Alumina
      • 5.52.2.4. Ormet Corporation
      • 5.52.2.5. Non-metallurgical bauxite and alumina producers
  • 5.53. Venezuela
    • 5.53.1. Corporacion Aluminios de Venezuela (CAV)
    • 5.53.2. Bauxite and alumina projects in Venezuela
    • 5.53.3. C-E Minerals
  • 5.54. Vietnam
    • 5.54.1. Dak Nong
    • 5.54.2. Other projects

6. World consumption of bauxite and alumina

  • 6.1. Consumption of bauxite
  • 6.2. Consumption of alumina
  • 6.3. Comparison of bauxite and alumina consumption by region
  • 6.4. Bauxite and alumina supply and demand balance
  • 6.5. Bauxite and alumina consumption by end use
    • 6.5.1. Bauxite consumption by end use
    • 6.5.2. Alumina
    • 6.5.3. Alumina trihydrate (ATH)

7. Uses of bauxite and alumina

  • 7.1. Use of bauxite and alumina in primary aluminium production
    • 7.1.1. Primary aluminium producers
    • 7.1.2. Outlook for alumina in primary aluminium production
  • 7.2. Use of bauxite and alumina in refractories
    • 7.2.1. Production of alumina-bearing refractories and use of raw materials
    • 7.2.2. Bauxite refractories
    • 7.2.3. Alumina refractories
    • 7.2.4. Synthetic high alumina refractory materials
      • 7.2.4.1. Magnesia-alumina spinel
      • 7.2.4.2. Synthetic mullite
      • 7.2.4.3. Alumina-graphite
    • 7.2.5. Markets for refractories
      • 7.2.5.1. Iron and steel production
      • 7.2.5.2. Cement and lime production
      • 7.2.5.3. Glass manufacture
      • 7.2.5.4. Non-ferrous metals
      • 7.2.5.5. Other markets for alumina refractories
    • 7.2.6. Outlook for bauxite and alumina demand in refractories
  • 7.3. Use of bauxite and alumina in cement
    • 7.3.1. Use of bauxite in Portland cement
    • 7.3.2. Calcium aluminate cements (CAC)
      • 7.3.2.1. Use of bauxite in CAC
      • 7.3.2.2. Use of alumina in CAC
      • 7.3.2.3. Applications of CAC
    • 7.3.3. Producers of CAC
    • 7.3.4. Outlook for bauxite and alumina in cement
  • 7.4. Use of bauxite, alumina and ATH in abrasives
    • 7.4.1. Classification, properties and applications of abrasives
    • 7.4.2. Bauxite abrasives
    • 7.4.3. Alumina abrasives
      • 7.4.3.1. Abrasive fused alumina
      • 7.4.3.2. Calcined alumina
      • 7.4.3.3. Alumina-zirconia
      • 7.4.3.4. Seeded Gel and Sol-Gel
      • 7.4.3.5. ATH
    • 7.4.4. Outlook for bauxite and alumina in abrasives
  • 7.5. Use of bauxite and ATH in aluminium chemicals
    • 7.5.1. Use of bauxite in aluminium chemicals
    • 7.5.2. Use of ATH in aluminium chemicals
    • 7.5.3. Aluminium sulphate
      • 7.5.3.1. Water treatment
      • 7.5.3.2. Paper manufacture
      • 7.5.3.3. Other uses
    • 7.5.4. Synthetic zeolites
      • 7.5.4.1. Synthetic zeolites in detergents
      • 7.5.4.2. Catalytic synthetic zeolites
      • 7.5.4.3. Other uses for synthetic zeolites
    • 7.5.5. Polyaluminium chloride (PAC)
    • 7.5.6. Aluminium chloride and chlorohydrate
      • 7.5.6.1. Ethylbenzene catalysis
      • 7.5.6.2. Other uses
    • 7.5.7. Aluminium fluoride
    • 7.5.8. Aluminium nitrate
    • 7.5.9. Aluminium tristearate
    • 7.5.10. Sodium aluminate
    • 7.5.11. Outlook for aluminium chemicals
      • 7.5.11.1. Outlook for ATH in zeolites
      • 7.5.11.2. Outlook for ATH in aluminium fluoride
  • 7.6. Use of alumina in ceramics
    • 7.6.1. Advanced ceramics
      • 7.6.1.1. Electronic ceramics
      • 7.6.1.2. Structural and wear resistant ceramics
      • 7.6.1.3. Leading producers of advanced ceramics
    • 7.6.2. White ware
    • 7.6.3. Glass
    • 7.6.4. Dental and bioceramics
    • 7.6.5. Alumina fibres
      • 7.6.5.1. Ceramic armour
    • 7.6.6. Outlook for alumina in ceramics
  • 7.7. Use of bauxite in slag adjusters
    • 7.7.1. Outlook for bauxite in slag adjusters
  • 7.8. Use of bauxite in proppants
    • 7.8.1. Outlook for bauxite in proppants
  • 7.9. Use of ATH in flame-retardants
    • 7.9.1. Properties of ATH flame-retardants
    • 7.9.2. Markets for flame-retardants
    • 7.9.3. Producers of ATH for flame-retardants
    • 7.9.4. Outlook for ATH in flame-retardants
  • 7.1. Use of alumina in catalysts
    • 7.10.1. Use of alumina in catalyst carriers
    • 7.10.2. Use of alumina in petrochemical industry catalysts
      • 7.10.2.1. Catalytic converters
    • 7.10.3. Outlook for alumina in catalysts
  • 7.11. Use of ATH as a filler
    • 7.11.1. ATH fillers in paper
    • 7.11.2. ATH fillers in adhesives and sealants
    • 7.11.3. ATH fillers in coatings
    • 7.11.4. ATH fillers in plastics
    • 7.11.5. Outlook for ATH fillers
  • 7.12. Use of ATH in titanium dioxide production
  • 7.13. Use of alumina in synthetic stones
  • 7.14. Use of bauxite in welding fluxes
  • 7.15. Use of bauxite in road aggregates
  • 7.16. Use of alumina in water treatment

8. Analysis of international trade data for bauxite and alumina

  • 8.1. International trade in bauxite
    • 8.1.1. Exports of bauxite
    • 8.1.2. Imports of bauxite
  • 8.2. International trade in alumina
    • 8.2.1. Exports of alumina
    • 8.2.2. Imports of alumina
  • 8.3. International trade in aluminium hydroxide
    • 8.3.1. Exports of aluminium hydroxide
    • 8.3.2. Imports of aluminium hydroxide

9. Prices and marketing of bauxite and alumina

  • 9.1. Prices of metallurgical grade bauxite
  • 9.2. Prices of non-metallurgical grade bauxite
  • 9.3. Prices of Bayer-process smelter grade alumina
    • 9.3.1. Contract market for smelter grade alumina
    • 9.3.2. Spot prices for smelter grade alumina
  • 9.4. Prices of non-metallurgical alumina
    • 9.4.1. Prices of ATH
    • 9.4.2. Prices of fused alumina
  • 9.5. Outlook for bauxite and alumina prices
    • 9.5.1. Metallurgical bauxite and alumina
    • 9.5.2. Non-metallurgical bauxite and alumina

List of Tables

  • Table 1: Properties of bauxite minerals
  • Table 2: World: USGS reserves and reserve base of bauxite, 2007
  • Table 3: Chemical analysis of typical bauxite by grade
  • Table 4: Composition of regular and semi-friable brown fused alumina
  • Table 5: Typical chemical composition of white fused alumina
  • Table 6: Reporting countries: Energy used in metallurgical alumina production 1997 to 2006
  • Table 7: World: Production of bauxite by region, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 8: World: Production of bauxite by country, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 9: World: Production of bauxite by principal country, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 10: World: Principal bauxite mining operations and companies, 2007
  • Table 11: Bauxite mining interests of principal companies and approximate attributable capacity, 2007
  • Table 12: World: Production of alumina by region, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 13: World: Production of alumina by country, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 14: World: Production of alumina by principal country, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 15: Reporting countries: Production of alumina by type and region, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 16: World: Principal alumina producing companies, 2006 and 2007
  • Table 17: Alumina producing interests of principal companies and attributable 2006 output based on equity at the end of 2007
  • Table 18: World: Capacity for fused alumina production by country, 1995, 2000, 2003 and 2006
  • Table 19: World: Principal producers of fused alumina
  • Table 20: World: Principal producers of tabular alumina
  • Table 21: World: Bauxite mining projects under construction or consideration, 2008
  • Table 22: World: Alumina refining projects planned or under consideration, 2008
  • Table 23: Principal producers of Serox secondary alumina
  • Table 24: Australia: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 25: Australia: Production of bauxite and alumina by company, 2005 to 2007
  • Table 26: Alcoa of Australia: Bauxite and alumina operations, 2007
  • Table 27: Weipa Mine: Composition of bauxite products
  • Table 28 : Brazil: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 29: Brazil: Production of bauxite and alumina by company, 1994 to 2007
  • Table 30: Brazil: Bauxite and alumina production capacity by operation, 2007
  • Table 31: Companhia Geral de Minas (Alcoa): Bauxite mining operations
  • Table 32: Mineracao Curimbaba: Refractory bauxite mining operations
  • Table 33: Brazil: MRN: Proven and probable resources, end 2006
  • Table 34: MRN: Grades of bauxite produced
  • Table 35: Novelis do Brasil: Bauxite mining operations
  • Table 36: Canada: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 37: Rio Tinto Alcan: Bauxite and alumina interests, 2007
  • Table 38: China: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 39: China: Export quotas for refractory-grade bauxite by company, 2008
  • Table 40: China: Bauxite reserves and resources by region
  • Table 41: China: Production of alumina by company, 2006
  • Table 42: China: Ongoing and planned alumina projects, 2006
  • Table 43: China: Alumina projects, July 2008
  • Table 44: Chalco owned bauxite mines, 2007
  • Table 45: Chalco: Source of bauxite, 2005 to 2007
  • Table 46: Chalco: Alumina plants, 2007
  • Table 47: Guizhou Aluminium Works: Typical composition of bauxite
  • Table 48: China: Typical compositions of RGB, AGB and BFA
  • Table 49: China: Producers of calcined bauxite, 2007
  • Table 50: Jie Xiu Bauxite Plant: Specifications of "Baojing" refractory bauxite
  • Table 51: France: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 52: Germany: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 53: Ghana: Inferred exports of bauxite, 2003 to 2007
  • Table 54: Ghana: Location, size and typical analysis of bauxite reserves
  • Table 55: Greece: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 56: Greece: Chemical composition of exploited bauxite deposits
  • Table 57: Aluminium de Grece: Bauxite and alumina production and sales, 2003 to 2006
  • Table 58: Guinea: Inferred exports of bauxite and alumina, 2003 to 2007
  • Table 59: Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee (CBG): Composition of bauxite grades
  • Table 60: Guinea: Gaoual bauxite resources
  • Table 61: Guyana: Production and inferred exports of bauxite, 2003 to 2007
  • Table 62: Guyana: Bauxite reserves
  • Table 63: Omai Bauxite Mining: Specifications of bauxite produced
  • Table 64: Hungary: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2003 to 2007
  • Table 65: India: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 66: India: Principal bauxite and alumina producing companies
  • Table 67: India: Nalco: production of bauxite and alumina 2002/03 to 2006/07
  • Table 68: Hindalco: Typical analysis of chemical aluminas
  • Table 69: India: Vedanta Resources: Bauxite resources, March 2007
  • Table 70: India: Vedanta Resources: Bauxite and alumina production, 2004/05 to 2006/07
  • Table 71: India: Principal independent bauxite producers
  • Table 72: Indonesia: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 73: Italy: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 74: Jamaica: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 75: Jamaica: Inferred exports of alumina, 2003 to 2007
  • Table 76: Jamaica: Bauxite and alumina producing companies, 2007
  • Table 77: Japan: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 78: Kazakhstan: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 79: South Korea: Exports and imports of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 80: South Korea: Typical composition of refractory grade white fused alumina produced by individual companies
  • Table 81: Netherlands: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 82: Romania: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 83: Russia: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 84: Russia: UC Rusal: Bauxite and alumina interests
  • Table 85: UC Rusal: Alumina plants, 2008
  • Table 86: Slovenia: Exports and imports of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 87: Spain: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 88: UK: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina 2002 to 2007
  • Table 89: BHP Billiton: Bauxite and alumina interests
  • Table 90: USA: Supply and disposal of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 91: USA: Production capacities of alumina plants,2007
  • Table 92: Alcoa: Bauxite and alumina interests, 2007
  • Table 93: Vietnam: Bauxite resources
  • Table 94: World: Estimated consumption of bauxite by country, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 95: World: Estimated consumption of alumina by country, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 96: World: Comparison of bauxite and alumina consumption by region, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 97: World: Supply and demand of bauxite and alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 98: World: Non-metallurgical markets for bauxite, alumina and ATH by use 2007 and 2012
  • Table 99: USA: Reported consumption of bauxite by industry, 1997 to 2006
  • Table 100: Reporting countries: Non-metallurgical alumina production by region, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 101: World: Estimated consumption of alumina in aluminium smelting 1994 to 2007
  • Table 102: USA: Estimated shipments of alumina from domestic producers, 1994 to 2006
  • Table 103: World: Estimated alumina consumption in aluminium smelting by country, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 104: World: Primary aluminium: Supply and demand by region, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 105: World: Production of primary aluminium by country, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 106: Primary aluminium production by major producing companies, 2007
  • Table 107: Types of alumina refractory products
  • Table 108: Properties of alumina refractories
  • Table 109: Japan: Consumption of bauxite and alumina in refractories, 1995 to 2007
  • Table 110: Japan: Production of refractories, 1998 to 2007
  • Table 111: USA: Shipments of alumina-bearing refractories, 1999 to 2006
  • Table 112: Typical chemical composition and physical properties of calcined refractory bauxite
  • Table 113: Specifications of AlmatisT60/T64 (3 to 6 mesh)refractory grade alumina
  • Table 114: Principal producers of fused and sintered spinel
  • Table 115: Composition of selected fused magnesia-alumina spinel grades by producing company
  • Table 116: Typical chemical analysis of commercial fused mullite
  • Table 117: World: Principal producers of synthetic mullite
  • Table 118: Typical compositions of sintered and fused mullite and fused zirconia-mullite
  • Table 119: Japan: Refractory sales by sector, 2003
  • Table 120: Typical applications of refractories containing over 80% Al2O3
  • Table 121: World: Crude steel production by region, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 122: World: Production of crude steel by country, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 123: Crude steel production by principal steelmakers, 2007
  • Table 124: World: Production of crude steel by process, 1950 to 2006
  • Table 125: Applications for alumina refractories in glass making
  • Table 126: Other applications for alumina refractories
  • Table 127: World: Forecast growth for crude steel production by region, 2007 to 2011
  • Table 128: Composition of cement grade bauxite by country
  • Table 129: World: Principal producers of cement grade bauxite
  • Table 130: World: Production of cement by principal country, 2000 to 2007
  • Table 131: Principal cement producing companies, 2006
  • Table 132: Composition of selected calcium aluminate and Portland cements
  • Table 133: Composition of main CAC grades
  • Table 134: Chemical analysis of raw materials and CAC
  • Table 135: Principal producers of CAC
  • Table 136: Types of abrasive processes
  • Table 137: Comparison of commonly used abrasive materials
  • Table 138: Typical composition of abrasive grade calcined bauxite
  • Table 139: Compositions of some commercial bauxite abrasives
  • Table 140: Composition of abrasive grade calcined bauxite by producing country
  • Table 141: World: Producers of abrasive grade bauxite
  • Table 142: Applications and compositions of alumina abrasives
  • Table 143: Zaporozhsky Abrasive Combine: Specifications of BFA
  • Table 144: Typical chemical composition and physical characteristics of medium-soda calcined alumina
  • Table 145: Compositions of Cubitron"! ceramic alumina
  • Table 146: Applications for aluminium chemicals
  • Table 147: USA and Japan: Production of selected aluminium chemicals, 2000 to 2007
  • Table 148: USA: Production, trade and apparent consumption of ATH, 2003 to 2007
  • Table 149: Specifications of chemical grade bauxite by selected producers
  • Table 150: World: Producers of chemical grade bauxite
  • Table 151: Typical chemical composition and physical properties of chemical grade ATH
  • Table 152: World: Producers and processors of chemical grade ATH
  • Table 153: Specifications of ground aluminium sulphate
  • Table 154: Specifications of liquid aluminium sulphate
  • Table 155: Chemical composition of zeolites
  • Table 156: Typical raw material consumption for production of zeolites A, X and Y using the hydrogel process
  • Table 157: World: Producers of synthetic zeolites
  • Table 158: Typical applications of alumina ceramics by grade
  • Table 159: Specifications of ceramic grade alumina
  • Table 160: Properties and applications of ceramic grade alumina
  • Table 161: Properties of aluminas used in electronic and technical ceramics
  • Table 162: Physical properties of Frialit-Degussit ceramics at 20oC
  • Table 163: Types of alumina fibres produced
  • Table 164: Typical compositions and use temperatures of ceramic insulating fibres
  • Table 165: Composition of selected calcined bauxites for proppants
  • Table 166: Decomposition temperature ranges for selected polymers
  • Table 167: Typical analysis of commercial ATH
  • Table 168: Plastics and rubber using ATH as a flame-retardant filler
  • Table 169: World: Demand for plastics by polymer, 2000 to 2007
  • Table 170: Typical catalyst carrier properties of alumina, titania and zirconia
  • Table 171: Applications and producers of alumina supported petrochemical catalysts, 2007
  • Table 172: Selected alumina-based petrochemical catalysts produced by Süd-Chemie
  • Table 173: Japan: Production and shipments of automobile catalysts, 1990 to 2007
  • Table 174: Typical properties of ATH paper fillers
  • Table 175: Typical composition of submerged arc welding fluxes incorporating bauxite
  • Table 176: Reported international trade in bauxite, alumina and aluminium hydroxide, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 177: Reporting countries: Exports of bauxite, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 178: Reporting countries: Exports of bauxite by country of destination, 2007
  • Table 179: Reporting countries: Imports of bauxite, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 180: Reporting countries: Imports of bauxite by country of origin, 2007
  • Table 181: Reporting countries: Exports of alumina, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 182: Reporting countries: Exports of alumina by country of destination, 2007
  • Table 183: Reporting countries: Imports of alumina by country, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 184: Reporting countries: Imports of alumina by country of origin, 2007
  • Table 185: Reporting countries: Exports of aluminium hydroxide, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 186: Reporting countries: Exports of aluminium hydroxide by country of destination, 2007
  • Table 187: Reporting countries: Imports of aluminium hydroxide by country, 2002 to 2007
  • Table 188: Reporting countries: Imports of aluminium hydroxide by country of origin, 2007
  • Table 189: China: Average values of bauxite imports by country, 2003 to 2007
  • Table 190: USA: Average values of imports of crude and dried bauxite by country of origin, 1990 to 2006
  • Table 191: USA: Average values of imports of non-calcined (smelter grade) bauxite by country, 2003 to 2007
  • Table 192: Price of Guyanese refractory A grade supercalcined (RASC) bauxite, 1980 to 2008
  • Table 193: Price of Chinese refractory grade bauxite, minimum 87% Al2O3, typical bulk density of 3.15, fob China, 1994 to 2008
  • Table 194: USA: Average values of imports of calcined bauxite, 2003 to 2008
  • Table 195: Australia: Average values of exported alumina, 1971 to 2007
  • Table 196: Price of metallurgical grade alumina, 1995 to 2008
  • Table 197: UK: Price of calcined alumina (98.5% to 99.5%Al2O3), 20t lots, bagged, delivered UK, 1974 to 2008
  • Table 198: UK: Price of medium soda calcined alumina, 50t lots, delivered UK, 1974 to 2008
  • Table 199: Reporting countries: Average values of exported ATH, 1999 to 2007
  • Table 200: Price of fused alumina (94% Al2O3 CIF), Brown, FEPA 8-220, China, 2000 to 2008
  • Table 201: Price of fused alumina (94% Al2O3 CIF), White, 25 kg bags, UK, 2002 to 2005
  • Table 202: China: White fused alumina market prices by region, 11 July 2008

List of Figures

  • Figure 1: World: Production of bauxite and alumina, 1990 to 2007
  • Figure 2: World: Division of USGS bauxite reserve base by principal countries, 2007
  • Figure 3: Alumina production and processing flow chart
  • Figure 4: World: Average alumina production costs, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 5: Alumina refining average cash costs by input, 2001 to 2006
  • Figure 6: Reporting countries: Energy used to produce metallurgical alumina, 1997 to 2006
  • Figure 7: World: Production of bauxite, 1960 to 2007
  • Figure 8: World: Production of bauxite by region, 1998 to 2007
  • Figure 9: World: Division of bauxite production by region, 2007
  • Figure 10: World average bauxite production growth by region, 1995 to 2007
  • Figure 11: World: Division of bauxite production by principal country, 2007
  • Figure 12: World: Production of bauxite by principal country, 1998 to 2007
  • Figure 13: World: Average year-on-year growth of bauxite production in principal countries, 1998 to 2007
  • Figure 14: World: Approximate bauxite production capacity by major operations, 2007
  • Figure 15: World: Estimated division of bauxite production by equity interests 2007
  • Figure 16: World: Production of alumina, 1984 to 2007
  • Figure 17: World: Production of alumina by region, 1998 to 2007
  • Figure 18: World: Division of alumina production by region, 2007
  • Figure 19: World: Alumina production in principal countries, 1998 to 2007
  • Figure 20: World: Division of alumina production by principal countries, 2007
  • Figure 21: World: Average year-on-year growth of alumina production in principal countries, 1998 to 2007
  • Figure 22: World: Production of non-metallurgical alumina by region as a percentage of total alumina production, 2003 to 2007
  • Figure 23: World: Alumina production by principal operation, 2006
  • Figure 24: World: Approximate division of 2006 alumina production by equity interest at the end of 2007
  • Figure 25: World: Comparison of bauxite and alumina output by region, 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006
  • Figure 26: Australia: Production of bauxite and alumina, 1960 to 2007
  • Figure 27: Australia: Division of production of bauxite and alumina by company, 2006
  • Figure 28: Brazil: Production of bauxite and alumina, 1989 to 2007
  • Figure 29: China: Production and imports of bauxite and alumina, 1993 to 2007
  • Figure 30: Guinea: Bauxite and alumina production and exports, 1989 to 2007
  • Figure 31: India: Production and exports of bauxite and alumina, 1989 to 2007
  • Figure 32: India: Division of bauxite reserves by state, 2005
  • Figure 33: India: Production of bauxite by state, 2005/2006
  • Figure 34: India: Bauxite production by Al2O3 grade, 2005/06
  • Figure 35: Jamaica: Production and exports of bauxite and alumina, 1989 to 2007
  • Figure 36: Russia: Production and imports of bauxite and alumina, 1995 to 2007
  • Figure 37: Suriname: Bauxite and alumina production and exports, 1989 to 2007
  • Figure 38: Ukraine: Bauxite imports, and alumina production and exports, 1995 to 2007
  • Figure 39: USA: Bauxite, alumina and aluminium: International trade and production, 1990 to 2007
  • Figure 40: World: Consumption of bauxite by region, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 41: World: Approximate division of bauxite consumption by region, 2007
  • Figure 42: World: Consumption of bauxite by principal country, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 43: World: Estimated consumption of alumina by region, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 44: World: Division of alumina consumption by region, 2007
  • Figure 45: World: Consumption of alumina by principal country, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 46: World: Regional comparison of bauxite and alumina consumption, 2007
  • Figure 47: World: Approximate mass balance for bauxite and alumina use, 2007
  • Figure 48: World: Approximate division by market of non-metallurgical bauxite consumption, 2007
  • Figure 49: World: Approximate division of the use of all forms of non-metallurgical alumina by market
  • Figure 50: World: Division of the direct non-metallurgical market for calcined alumina
  • Figure 51: World: Approximate division of the world market for ATH
  • Figure 52: World: Approximate division of refractory market by region
  • Figure 53: World: Division of market for synthetic high alumina raw materials by type
  • Figure 54: World: Approximate division of consumption of refractories by application
  • Figure 55: World: Production of crude steel and year-on-year changes, 1981 to 2007
  • Figure 56: World: Crude steel production by region, 1998 to 2007
  • Figure 57: World: Division of world production of crude steel by region, 2007
  • Figure 58: World: Production of steel 1980 to 2007, and forecast to 2012
  • Figure 59: World: Estimated division of use of abrasive materials by type of abrasive
  • Figure 60: World: Production of paper and board by region, 1990 to 2006
  • Figure 61: World: Projected flame-retardant market by types 2009
  • Figure 62: World: Division of flame-retardant market by type, 2004
  • Figure 63: World: Exports of bauxite by principal countries, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 64: World: Division of bauxite exports by principal country, 2007
  • Figure 65: World: Imports of bauxite by principal countries, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 66: World: Division of bauxite imports by principal country, 2007
  • Figure 67: World: Exports of alumina by principal country, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 68: World: Division of alumina exports by principal country, 2007
  • Figure 69: World: Imports of alumina by principal country, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 70: World: Division of alumina imports by principal country, 2007
  • Figure 71: World: Exports of aluminium hydroxide by principal country, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 72: World: Division of exports of aluminium hydroxide by principal country, 2007
  • Figure 73: World: Imports of aluminium hydroxide by principal country, 2002 to 2007
  • Figure 74: World: Division of imports of aluminium hydroxide by principal country, 2007
  • Figure 75: Weighted average values of US imports of crude and dried bauxite, 1990 to 2006
  • Figure 76: China: Average annual values of imports of bauxite and alumina, 2000 to 2007
  • Figure 77: Price of Guyanese and Chinese refractory grade bauxite, min 87% Al2O3, 1980 to 2008
  • Figure 78: Average values of Australian exports of alumina, 1971 to 2007
  • Figure 79: Comparison of fob mean spot price for metallurgical grade alumina with LME cash price for aluminium, 1995 to 2008

The Economics of Bauxite & Alumina 7th Edition, 2008

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