Security Technologies; Part 1: Biometrics and Access Control

SUMMARY

Biometrics measure individuals' unique physical or behavioral characteristics as a means to recognize or authenticate their identity. Commonphysical biometrics include fingerprints; hand or palm geometry; and retina, iris, or facial characteristics. Whereas behavioral characteristicsinclude signature, voice (which also has a physical component), keystroke pattern, and gait. While some technologies have gained more acceptance thanothers, it is beyond doubt that the field of access control and biometrics as a whole shows great potential for use in end user segments such asairports, stadiums and defense installations.

This Technical Insights' report provides:

• A detailed overview of advances in various access control and biometrics technologies across the world
• Definitions of key sub-markets and applications
• Identification of key companies and developers and prospects for technology commercialization
• Reporting on technology drivers as well as obstacles to commercialization
• A detailed list of key contacts in the field, including names, titles, addresses, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, and URLs

Biometrics can be used for a number of security purposes- for virtual or physical access, for covert surveillance, and for e-commerce applications.Many of these biometric techniques have been used for a number of years by banks, the Immigration & Naturalization Service (INS), and lawenforcement, among others. However, the events of 9/11 have put a spotlight on biometrics, especially as a way to improve airport security.

While there is increased sensitivity to the potential advantages of biometrics there remain a number of technological hurdles to be overcome. Alsothe intrusive nature of many biometric technologies demand adequate resolution (and legislation) to ethical issues before they can be publiclyimplemented.

With respect to technological diversity, the biometrics industry includes more than 150 separate hardware and software vendors, each with their ownproprietary interfaces, algorithms, and data structures. So among the technology issues one of the most important ones is the development ofintegrable solutions. This demands a common platform.

The good news is that standards such as the BioAPI and the Biometric Exchange File Format are emerging to provide a common software interface, toallow sharing of biometric templates, and to permit effective comparison and evaluation of different biometric technologies. The Biometric Consortiumhas also presented a proposal for the Common Fingerprint Minutia Exchange format, which attempts to provide a level of interoperability forfingerprint technology vendors. However these common standards or platforms are far from realizing industry-wide acceptance.

Privacy issues, steeped in ethical standards, comprise a more thorny issue. "The potential for loss of privacy leads many to question thesafety of these devices" says Dr. James Smith, Technical Insights' analyst and author of the new security technologies-I report. He adds that"many groups are vocally opposed to the general use of this technology."

The future of the biometrics industry, to a large extent, depends on the resolution of such technological and ethical issues. However, one thing iscertain- the growing need for biometrics certainly promises a much brighter future.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Security Technologies; Part 1, Executive Summary

A. Introduction

1. Overview

2. Deliverables

B. Survery of Topics

1. Definitions

2. Layers of Security

3. Biometric Technologies

4. Market Drivers

C. Summary of this Report

1. The Biometrics and Access Control Landscape

2. Technology Drivers and Restraints

3. Key Technology Trends

4. Unique Features of the Report

5. Primary Audience

2. Security Technologies; Part 1, Introduction to Biometrics

A. Definitions

1. Definitions

B. Biometric Security System Evolution

1. Biometrics Background

2. Identify vs. Verify

3. Biometric Errors

C. General Applications of Biometrics

1. Physical Access

2. Virtual Access

3. Biometric in the Real World

4. Examples of Biometrics in Action

D. Biometrics Technology

1. Introduction

2. Biometric Technologies Nurtured by Government Funding

E. Biometric Security System Development

1. Rush to Biometrics

2. Database Debate

3. Investments in Biometrics

F. Wireless Microchip Implantable Technology

1. Implants for our Pets

2. Implantable Microchip Technology

G. Privacy Concerns

1. Many Groups Are Afraid of Biometrics

2. The Biometrics Industry Faces the Challenge

H. Biometrics and Secured Transactions

1. Voice Prints Augment Wireless Security

2. Digital Signature Laws Boost Biometrics

3. The Risk of Interception and Cost of Implementation

I. Selecting a Biometric Technology

1. Introduction

2. Cost Comparison Factors among Biometric Technologies

J. Future of Biometrics

1. Standards

2. Biometric Assurance

3. Hybrid Technology Uses

3. Security Technologies; Part 1, General Security Concerns

A. Improving the Security of Buildings

1. A More Secure World

2. Keeping Structures and Perimeters Safe

3. Buildings with Shock Absorption Systems

4. Assessing the Vulnerability of Buildings

5. Developing Smart Bricks

B. Fences Make Good Neighbors

1. Smart Fence Signals Intrusion

C. Campus Security at Colleges and University

1. Active ID Cards Step beyond the Keypad Codes

2. Video Surveillance

3. Biometrics Adds Another Dimension

4. Sandia's School Security Mission

D. Hospital Security: Case Study

1. Higher Crime Statistics Prompt More Security in and around Hospitals

2. Security System Design

3. Infant Abduction Alert

E. Airport Security

1. History

2. Airport Security Technology: After 9/11

3. Opportunities

4. Technology for Secure Check-in

5. Passenger Screening

6. Check-in Case Studies

F. Baggage and Packages

1. Scope

2. Advanced X-Ray Scanning Systems

3. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

4. Pulse Fast Neutron Analysis and Thermal Neutron Analysis

G. Access Control

1. Introduction

2. Technology and Potential Applications

H. Biometrics at the Border

1. Biometrics at the Border

I. Security At U.S. Chemical Plants

1. Sandia Consultants Survey Nations' Chemical Plants

2. Guidelines; Regulation for Chemical Plants near Highly Populated Areas

J. Dams and Power Systems

1. Dams and Power Systems

K. General Aviation Security

1. General Aviation Security

L. Risk Assessments and Hazmat Shipments

1. Department of Transportation's Office of Hazardous Materials Safety (OHMS)

2. The Risk Management Self-Evaluation Framework (RMSEF)

3. Risk Management: A Recognized Discipline

4. The TransCAER Program

M. Security of Water Infrastructures

1. Vulnerabilities of the Water System

2. Assessing Vulnerabilities

N. Security Services Market

1. Security Services Market

O. Security System Standards and Codes

1. Security System Standards and Codes

4. Security Technologies; Part 1, Video and Surveillance

A. Growing Acceptance of CCTV for Security

1. Factors Contributing to the Growing Market

2. Digital Video Technology

3. Some Factors Are Still Troublesome

B. Granny Cams Deterrent to Mistreatment

1. Introduction

2. Constant Surveillance

C. Video Cam Monitoring Software Show it's here To Stay

1. New Spy Software

2. Law Enforcement Possibilities

D. Monitoring and Surveillance vs. Personal Privacy

1. Rights and Democracy

2. Is The Public Now Ready for More Invasions of Privacy?

3. Surveillance Video Can Make a Big Difference

4. Is More Monitoring Inevitable?

E. Web or Local/Wide Area Network (LAN/WAN) Access

1. Web-Based and Wireless Technologies

2. Web vs. Wireless

F. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Based Security Applications

1. Introduction

2. Competitive Factors in the CCTV Market

3. CCTV Market Dynamics

4. Opportunities and Forecasts

5. Security Technologies; Part 1, Survey of Biometric Technologies

A. Biometrics Technology

1. Biometrics Technology

B. Fingerprints and Finger Scans

1. Introduction

2. Fingerprint Technology

3. Fingerprint Identification Standards

4. Fingerprint Scanner for ATM Identification

5. Fingerprint Biometric Used in Healthcare Facilities

6. Fingerscan: Convenient Security Using PCs

C. Handwriting and Signatures

1. The Distinction between Biometric and Digital Signatures

2. Signature Verification

3. Analyzing Handwriting

D. Facial Recognition

1. Introduction

2. ACLU Says Face Recognition Technology Ineffective

3. Computer Software for Face Recognition

4. Finding a Face in a Crowd

5. Liar; Liar; Face on Fire

E. Hand Geometry and Hand Scans

1. Introduction

2. Hand Scanning in Pilot Project

3. Hand Geometry vs. Fingerprints

4. Recognition Systems' Hand Geometry Technology

F. Retina Scans

1. Retina Scan Technology

2. Retina Scan Commercial Equipment

3. Retina Scan Evaluations

G. Iris Scan

1. Iris Scan Technology

H. Voice Verification and Voice Scans

1. Introduction

6. Security Technologies; Part 1, Biometrics and Access Control Market Dynamics

A. Biometric Market Drivers

1. Introduction

2. Market Segments

3. Equipment Prices

4. Identification Infrastructures

5. Acceptance of Biometrics Security

B. Biometric Applications

1. Introduction

2. Survey of Biometric Applications

C. Competitive Factors in the Biometrics Market

1. Introduction

2. Evaluating Biometric Technologies

3. Technological Developments

D. Standards

1. BioAPI Standard

2. Other Standards

E. Biometrics Market and Technology Trends

1. Biometrics in Conjunction with PKI and Smart Cards

2. Biometrics in the Embedded Systems Arena

3. Biometrics in Multi-Layered Security Solutions

F. Need for Authentication Will Drive Biometrics Market

1. Need for Authentication Will Drive Biometrics Market

7. Security Technologies; Part 1, Digital Signatures, Biometric Identification, and Security

A. E-Sign Act Releases Biometrics

1. Introduction

2. Identity Fraud Fed by the Internet

B. Electronic Security Component

1. Using E-Signatures in Today's World

2. Public Key Infrastructure

3. Consumers Have Doubts about Internet Security

4. Online Privacy

5. Online Security

6. Certificates of Authority

7. Certifying Authorities Authenticate E-Signatures

8. Practical Applications

9. The Nuts and Bolts of Legality

10. Certified E-Mail Moves to the Web

11. Encryption Strategies

12. Smart Card Technology

C. The Biometrics Component

1. Introduction

2. An Example: Voice Verification

3. Fingerprint Scanner for ATM Identification

4. Credit Cards Can Use Biometrics

5. Other Biometric Parameters

D. Standard Application Programming Interface (API)

1. Standard Application Programming Interface (API)

E. The Police Try Out PKI

1. The Police Try Out PKI

F. Datacard Goes down the Biometric Road

1. Datacard Goes down the Biometric Road

8. Security Technologies; Part 1, Access Control Applications

A. Access Control and Time & Attendance

1. Introduction

2. The Role of Biometrics

3. Integrated Security Systems: An Example

B. Airport Access Control for Authorized Personnel

1. Lessons of September 11

2. Provisions of the Airport Improvement Security Act

3. A Case Study

C. The Transportation Workers ID Card: A Civilian Biometric Project

1. The Transportation Workers ID Card: A Civilian Biometric Project

D. Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)

1. Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)

E. Access to Medical Records

1. Sun Launches Healthcare Solution Set To Help Companies Address HIPAA Legislation

2. HIPAA Solution Set Includes Applications from Strategic Software or Service Providers

3. HIPAA Assessment Service Offers Comprehensive Snapshot

4. HIPAA Deadlines Bearing down on Healthcare Industry

5. HIPAA Overview

9. Security Technologies; Part 1, Biometric and Access Control Companies

A. 9. Biometric and Access Control Companies

1. Profiles of Biometric and Access Control Companies

10. Security Technologies; Part 1, Technical Insights Science and Technology 2002 Awards

A. Security Technologies Awards

1. Awards Overview

2. Technology Innovation Award Category: SecuGen Corporation

3. Technology Leadership Award Category: Electronic Identification Inc.

11. Security Technologies; Part 1, Patents

A. Recent U.S. Patents on Biometrics and Access Control

1. Recent US Patents on Biometrics and Access Control