Fuel Cells- Power Source for Future Generations of Industrial Healthcare and Transportation Applications

SUMMARY

Fuel Cells to Meet the Escalating Need for Power across the World

With concerns mounting over depleting non-renewable fossil fuels, there is a concerted effort on the part of governments, manufacturers, technologydevelopers, and users worldwide to find alternate sources of energy and power supply. Under these trying circumstances, fuel cells are hailed as thelatest 'significant' technology to sweep across the world. The entire energy industry stands to benefit from this 'clean and quiet' technology as theyare capable of powering generators, tiny electronic devices, and large remote areas and thereby, enable freedom from power grids. Fuel cells lendthemselves to various applications in several sectors - large and small, portable and stationary - and are likely to make an indelible mark on thefuture energy scenario.

This Frost & Sullivan Technical Insights research on fuel cells examines the various breakthrough technologies in this industry and theirimpact on various sectors. The study identifies key market participants and technology developers and provides time lines for commercialization of newtechnologies. These are likely to assist companies in establishing licensing agreements, strategic collaborations, and acquisitions.

Want a Clean and Efficient Alternative Power System? - Check out Fuel Cells

Fuel cells are quiet, clean, and mechanically simple. The search for a 'perfect way' to convert hydrogen into energy has led to the development ofmany fuel cell technologies, using different materials and processes. Most fuel cells, using hydrogen, generate only heat, electricity, and water."Hydrogen, one of the abundantly found substances, has the potential to replace fossil fuels as the energy source, enabling fuel cells to provideclean power supply," says the analyst. "Their silence, which eliminates noise pollution, and simple mechanical structure, makes them idealfor use even in residential areas within cities." The use of other fuel materials is also possible as there will be only minuscule emissions.

Fuel cell technology has the potential to eliminate about 40,000 pounds of pollutants that cause acid rain and smog and can reduce carbon dioxideemissions by more than 3.5 million pounds each year. The analyst says, "Stringent regulations on pollutants and restrictions on greenhouse gasemissions that cause global warming have turned the attention of automotive manufacturers and the energy industry toward this clean, pollution-freealternative power source."

Quintessential Power Source of Tomorrow with Endless Possibilities

The current trend in the energy industry signifies the demand for higher energy, creating the need for new energy sources and more efficienttechnologies. The fuel cell industry has responded commendably with a flurry of activity and developments. Market participants need to focus on keyaspects such as cost, issues related to fuel storage, and increasing customer awareness to make fuel cells a viable alternative to conventional modesof energy generation.

Frost & Sullivan Growth Partnership Service

Based on extensive and in-depth research, real-world consulting work, and new theories tested in hundreds of companies across many industries,Frost & Sullivan has evolved its Growth Partnership Services (GPS) program that provides established and emerging firms with powerful growthvisions. Moving beyond token mission statements, GPS provides an actionable vision to growth consulting partners by illustrating how key intelligenceand strategic research based on defined goals can guide day-to-day behavior and overall company direction. The foundation of Frost & Sullivan'sGPS includes:

• Assisting companies to reach their full potential in the core business
• Providing growth strategies to help companies expand into related businesses
• Preemptively redefining the core business during market turbulence
• Applying the Frost & Sullivan framework to identify and address common mistakes resulting from misaligned corporate strategies
• Recommending growth management strategies through continuous partnership

To maximize the potential for growth within a firm' s internal and external environment, Frost & Sullivan consultants can facilitate thecreation of strategic programs that deliver improved market success. Frost & Sullivan' s strengths lie in combining strategic understanding withmarket expertise and applying these with absolute commitment to its clients'  growth.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction and Highlights

Introduction

Highlights of this Study

Study Scope and Methodology

Study Scope

Methodology

2 ASSESSMENT OF FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES

Types of Fuel Cells

Alkaline Fuel Cells

Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Zinc Air Fuel Cells

Regenerative or Reversible Fuel Cells

Fuel Cell Applications

Micro Fuel Cells

Portable Fuel Cells

Stationary Fuel Cells

Transportation Fuel Cells

Technical Drivers and Challenges

Drivers

Challenges

Cost and Special Equipment Needed To Implement Fuel Cell Technology

Costs

Equipment

Hydrogen Storage

Competing Technologies

Batteries

Internal Combustion Engine

Photovoltaics

Electric Converters and Micro-turbines

3 GENERAL MARKETPLACE IMPACT ANALYSIS

Market Drivers and Challenges

Market Drivers

Market Challenges

Overall Market Forecast

Fuel Cells in the Future

Small is Big!

Venture Capital Funding

General Trends in Funding

Some Funded Projects and Programs in Europe

Funding Energy

SINERGY in Singapore

Decision Support Statistics

Global Power and Energy Statistics; Growth in Electricity Demand; Net Electricity Consumption; Worldwide Power Industry Structures

Global Energy Sector Statistics; Electricity Generation by Coal; Crude Oil Production

4 FUEL CELLS IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

Overview

Introduction

Future Trends

Drivers and Challenges

Drivers

Challenges

Worldwide Developments

Dimethyl Fuel Cells at Penn State

MEMS Fuel Cell--Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Alcohol-Powered Fuel Cells--Saint Louis University in Missouri

Mini Fuel Cells for Camcorders and Laptops from Fraunhofer in Germany

Case Western Reserve University's Miniature Fuel Cell

Casio's Fuel-Cell Powered Notebook PC

Samsung's Fuel Cell-Powered Cell Phones

Toshiba's Fuel-Cell-Powered PDA

Micro Fuel Cells Make Tiny Power Plant

5 FUEL CELLS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

Overview

Introduction

Future Trends

Drivers and Challenges

Drivers

Challenges

Interesting Worldwide Developments

Fuel Cells at Nanyang Technological University; Singapore

Mitsubishi's Small Fuel Cell for Residential Applications

Fuel Cells Powered by Liquid Diesel at the University of Pennsylvania

Hydrogen from Sunlight

A Perfect Electrolyte from Caltech

Fuel Cells from India in Antarctica

Fuel Cells To Get Low-Cost Hydrogen Generator

Nanoparticles Added for Better Polymer Membranes

MCFCs in Germany

6 FUEL CELLS IN HEALTHCARE

Overview

Introduction

Implantable Fuel Cells

Drivers and Challenges

Drivers

Challenges

Some Interesting Worldwide Developments in Implantable Fuel Cells

Bio-Fuel Cells of UC-Berkeley

Microfluidic Fuel Cells at Brown University in North America

A Bio-Fuel Cell from the University of Texas at Austin

Bio-Fuel Cell at the Hebrew University

Braunschweig and Jerusalem Team Up To Power Bio-sensors with Bio-Fuel Cells

7 FUEL CELLS IN THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR

Overview

Introduction

Future Trends

Drivers and Challenges

Drivers

Challenges

Interesting World-wide Developments

Compressed Hydrogen Storage for FCVs - JHU/APL

General Motors and Fuel Cells

The Ford Motor Company and Fuel Cells

Alcohol-Sensitive Fuel Cells--Texas Christian University

DaimlerChrysler Fuel Cells

Europe's BMW and Fuel Cells

Korea: Hyundai and Fuel Cells

Japan: Toyota and Fuel Cells

Japan: Nissan Motors and Fuel Cells

Japan: Honda and Fuel Cells

Helios: Fuel-Cell-Powered Airplane

Gas Stations To Supply Fuel to Hydrogen-Powered Cars in the UK

8 ADVANCES IN MATERIALS USED IN FUEL CELLS

Catalysts

Vanderbilt University Develops High-Performance Nanocomposites for Fuel Cells

Singapore Develops Platinum-Based Fuel-Cell Catalysts on MWNTs

Cerium-Oxide Catalysts from Tufts University

University of Wisconsin Produces Hydrogen Using a Metal Catalyst

Electrolytes

Nanohorns from NEC

Cornell University Develops Flexible and Strong Ceramic

Cerium-Oxide Ceramic Electrolytes from NexTech

Silicon-Based Fuel Cells from Neah Power Systems

Membranes

Research Triangle Institute: A Membrane that Prefers Bigger Molecules

Better Polymer Membranes from the North Carolina State University

Other Developments in Materials

University of Michigan De-Sulfurizes Gasoline for Fuel Cells

China Hong Kong and Canada Design Oligomers Together

Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Ceramics

Solar Associates Uses Magnetron Sputtering for Nonmetals

Pacific Northwest National Lab at Battelle Joins Silicon Carbide Ceramics

9 DEVELOPMENTS IN FUEL STORAGE WORLDWIDE

In Laboratories

In a Microporous Metal-Organic Framework Material; University of Michigan

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes; Singapore

Ordered Rigid Arrays of Nonporous Carbon - Korea and Japan

Storing Liquid Hydrogen--Shandong University in China

Storing Hydrogen in Fullerenes--University of Kyoto

Snapshot of Companies and their Work in Fuel Storage

Dynetek Industries--Canada

Energy Conversion Devices - Michigan

Hydrogen Components--Colorado

Varmaraf ehf--Iceland

10 PATENTS; CONTACTS; GLOSSARY; BIBLIOGRAPHY

Patents

North American Companies

European Companies

Asian Companies

Contacts

Universities

Laboratories and Research Institutions

Glossary

Acronymns

Definitions

Bibliography

Fuel Cells in Transportation

Stationary Fuel Cells

11 TECHNICAL INSIGHTS' AWARDS

Technology Leadership Award

Introduction

Award Recipient

Technology Innovation Award

Introduction

Award Recipient